class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">typedef struct Heap class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{ class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> HeapDataType* arr; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> size_t size; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> size_t capacity; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}Heap; class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
3.2 堆的初始化
1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 将数组指针置空,容量和个数置0。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void HeapInit(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->arr = NULL;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->size = ph->capacity = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
3.3 堆的插入
1. 插入一个数就是在数组尾插,插入前是堆,插入后不一定是堆,需要检测。
2. 插入一个数只会对它所在的路径有影响,需要用向上调整算法。
3. 假设原本是小堆,那么新插入的数和他的父亲比较,比他父亲小就交换,然后继续往上比较,直到变成根位置。
4. 最好的情况是不用调整,最坏的情况是调整到根位置。

代码实现:
1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 插入前判断需不需要扩容。
3. 最后一个位置插入,然后size++。
4. 插入后使用向上调整算法。
向上调整算法:
1. 下标关系:parent = (child-1) / 2。
2. 假设是小堆,当孩子小于父亲,孩子和父亲的值交换,孩子再走到父亲的位置继续向上比较,如果孩子大于等于父亲就直接break不用比较了,或者孩子到根位置结束。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void Swap(HeapDataType* h1, HeapDataType* h2)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> HeapDataType tmp = *h1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> *h1 = *h2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> *h2 = tmp;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void AdjustUp(HeapDataType* arr, int child)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int parent = (child - 1) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (child)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (arr[child] < arr[parent]) Swap(&arr[child], &arr[parent]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> else break;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> child = parent;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> parent = (child - 1) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void HeapPush(Heap* ph, HeapDataType data)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> size_t capacity = ph->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ph->capacity * 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> HeapDataType* tmp = realloc(ph->arr, sizeof(HeapDataType) * capacity);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (tmp == NULL)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> perror("realloc");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->arr = tmp;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->capacity = capacity;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->arr[ph->size++] = data;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> AdjustUp(ph->arr, ph->size - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hide-preCode-box">
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插入的时间复杂度:
1. 插入的最坏情况就是从叶子一直走到根,也就是树的高度,假设节点数为N,完全二叉树的节点范围是2^(h-1)到2^h - 1,2^(h-1) = N 或 2^h - 1 = N, 可得h = logN(2为底) + 1 或 h = log(N+1)(2为底),所以O(N) = logN(2为底)。
2. 插入的时间复杂度主要看向上调整算法,同理删除主要看向下调整算法,它们的时间复杂度都是logN,以2为底。
3.4 堆的删除

1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 堆不能为空。
3. 删除是删堆顶的数据,先将堆顶数据和最后一个数据交换,然后删除最后一个数据。
4. 从堆顶数据开始向下调整,使用向下调整算法的前提:左子树和右子树是堆。
向下调整算法:
1. 假设是小堆,child = parent*2 + 1,先假设左孩子是小的,再将左孩子和右孩子比一下,谁小谁就是child。记得判断一下右孩子是否存在。
2. parent 和 child 比较,parent比child大就交换,然后parent走到child的位置继续往下比较,直到比child小或没有child。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void AdjustDown(HeapDataType* arr, int size, int parent)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int child = parent * 2 + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (child < size)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (child + 1 < size && arr[child + 1] < arr[child]) child++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (arr[parent] > arr[child]) Swap(&arr[parent], &arr[child]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> else break;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> parent = child;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> child = parent * 2 + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void HeapPop(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(!HeapEmpty(ph));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Swap(&ph->arr[0], &ph->arr[ph->size - 1]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->size--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> AdjustDown(ph->arr, ph->size, 0);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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3.5 获取堆顶数据
1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 堆不能为空。
3. 返回数组第一个元素。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">HeapDataType HeapTop(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(!HeapEmpty(ph));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return ph->arr[0];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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3.6 堆的判空
1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 判断size是否为0,空返回真。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">bool HeapEmpty(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return ph->size == 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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3.7 堆的数据个数
1. 传入的堆指针不能为空。
2. 返回size。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int HeapSize(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return ph->size;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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3.8 堆的销毁
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void HeapDestroy(Heap* ph)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> assert(ph);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> free(ph->arr);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ph->size = ph->capacity = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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完整代码:Heap/Heap · 林宇恒/DataStructure - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)
4. 堆的应用
4.1 堆排序
堆排序利用堆的思想来进行排序,总共分为两个步骤:
第一步:建堆。
用向上调整算法建堆
1. 从第二个元素开始,将每个元素看作堆的插入向上调整。
2. 升序建大堆,降序建小堆。
用向下调整算法建堆
1. 叶子节点是不需要向下调整的,所以是从最后一个父亲节点开始向下调整。
2. 然后继续找前面的父亲节点向下调整直到第一个节点调整完。
第二步:利用堆删除的思想来进行排序。
1. 将首尾数据交换。
2. 交换到后面的数据是我们想要的不动,交换到堆顶的数据开始做向下调整。
2. 每交换一次,需要调整的个数就减一,直到剩下一个时就不用调整了。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void HeapSort(int* arr, int len)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) AdjustUp(arr, i);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = (len - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--) AdjustDown(arr, len, i);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int end = len - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (end>0)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Swap(&arr[0], &arr[end]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> AdjustDown(arr, end, 0);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> end--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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排升序不建小堆的原因:当我们建完小堆,也就是找出了最小的一个,那我们要从剩下的数据找第二小的,这样又需要重新建小堆。
4.1.1 向下调整建堆的时间复杂度

从最后一个父亲节点开始则所有节点移动的总步数为:
F(n) = 2^0*(h-1) + 2^1*(h-2) + ... + 2^(h-2)*1 + 2^(h-1)*0
错位相减可得:F(n) = -2^0*h + 2^0*1 + 2^1*1 + ... + 2^(h-2)*1 + 2^(h-1)*1
再次错位相减可得:F(n) = 2^h - 1 - h
又因节点个数n和高度h的关系是(视为满二叉树):n = 2^h -1,h = log(n+1)(2为底)
所以F(n) = n - log(n+1)(2为底)
时间复杂度也就是所有节点移动的总步数:O(n) = n
4.1.2 向上调整建堆的时间复杂度

从第二个节点开始,则所有节点移动的总步数为:
F(n) = 2^1*1 + 2^2*2 + 2^3*3 + ... + 2^(h-1)*(h-1)
错位相减得:F(n) = -2^1 - 2^2 - 2^3 - ... - 2^(h-1) - 2^h + 2^h*h
再次错位相减得:F(n) = 2^h*(h-2) + 2
又因节点个数n和高度h的关系是(视为满二叉树):n = 2^h -1
所以F(n) = (n+1)(log(n+1)(2为底) - 2) + 2
时间复杂度也就是所有节点移动的总步数:O(n) = n*logn(2为底)
4.2 TOP-K问题
TOP-K问题:求前K个最大或最小的元素,比如:专业前10名、游戏中前100的活跃玩家等。
1. 将前K个数据建堆,求前K个最大的数据就建小堆,反之亦然。
2. 从第K个数据开始往后,每个数据都和堆顶比较。
3. 假设求前K个最大的数据,那么当后面的数据比堆顶数据大时就覆盖堆顶数据然后向下调整,反之亦然。
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void CreateData()
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> FILE* mtof = fopen("data.txt", "w");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (mtof == NULL)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> perror("fopen");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) fprintf(mtof, "%d\n", rand() % 100);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> fclose(mtof);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">void TopK(int k)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> FILE* ftom = fopen("data.txt", "r");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (ftom == NULL)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> perror("fopen");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int* HeapArr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * k);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (HeapArr == NULL)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> perror("malloc");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i=0; ifscanf(ftom, "%d", &HeapArr[i]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i=((k-1)-1)/2; i>=0; i--) AdjustDown(HeapArr, k, i);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int val;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (!feof(ftom))
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> fscanf(ftom, "%d", &val);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (val > HeapArr[0])
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> HeapArr[0] = val;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> AdjustDown(HeapArr, k, 0);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> fclose(ftom);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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5. 选择题
1.下列关键字序列为堆的是:()
A 100,60,70,50,32,65
B 60,70,65,50,32,100
C 65,100,70,32,50,60
D 70,65,100,32,50,60
E 32,50,100,70,65,60
F 50,100,70,65,60,32
答:A
2.已知小根堆为8,15,10,21,34,16,12,删除关键字 8 之后需重建堆,在此过程中,关键字之间的比较次数是()。
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
答:C
3.一组记录排序码为(5 11 7 2 3 17),则利用堆排序方法建立的初始堆为
A(11 5 7 2 3 17)
B(11 5 7 2 17 3)
C(17 11 7 2 3 5)
D(17 11 7 5 3 2)
E(17 7 11 3 5 2)
F(17 7 11 3 2 5)
答:C
4.最小堆[0,3,2,5,7,4,6,8],在删除堆顶元素0之后,其结果是()
A[3,2,5,7,4,6,8]
B[2,3,5,7,4,6,8]
C[2,3,4,5,7,8,6]
D[2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
答:C
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