//unordered_set
template<class K,class Hashturn = Hashturn<K>>
class unordered_set
{
	struct KeyofT
	{
		const K& operator()(const K& kv)
		{
			return kv;
		}
	};
public:
bool insert(const K& kv) 
{
	return _ht.insert(kv);
}


private:
	hash_bucket<K, const K, KeyofT, Hashturn> _ht;  
};

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//hash_bucket
inline unsigned long __stl_next_prime(unsigned long n)
{
	// Note: assumes long is at least 32 bits.
	static const int __stl_num_primes = 28;
	static const unsigned long __stl_prime_list[__stl_num_primes] =
	{
	53, 97, 193, 389, 769,
	1543, 3079, 6151, 12289, 24593,
	49157, 98317, 196613, 393241, 786433,
	1572869, 3145739, 6291469, 12582917, 25165843,
	50331653, 100663319, 201326611, 402653189, 805306457,
	1610612741, 3221225473, 4294967291
	};
	const unsigned long* first = __stl_prime_list;
	const unsigned long* last = __stl_prime_list +
		__stl_num_primes;
	const unsigned long* pos = lower_bound(first, last, n);
	return pos == last ? *(last - 1) : *pos;
}




template<class T>
struct Buket_Node
{
	T _data;
	Buket_Node<T>* _next; 

	Buket_Node(const T& data) 
		:_data(data) 
		,_next(nullptr) 
	{}
}; 


//如果要支持Key的比较,那么就需要仿函数来实现,如string 映射,在映射到哈希表中
//默认的哈希仿函数,float,负数,转为无符号整形
template<class K>
struct Hashturn
{
	size_t operator()(const K& key)
	{
		return (size_t)key;

	}
};

//如果是sring类型,那么我们就可以单独的给string,建立一个仿函数实现第一层映射
//走特化
template<>
struct Hashturn<string>
{
	size_t operator()(const string& key)
	{
		size_t m = 0;
		//把ASCALL码值加起来
		for (auto& e : key)
		{
			//用ASCALL来实现,字符转数字
			m += e;
		}
		return m;
	}
};



template<class K, class T, class KeyofT, class Hashturn> 
class hash_bucket;


template<class K, class T, class Ref, class Ptr, class KeyOfT, class Hash>
struct Hash_Iterator
{
	typedef Buket_Node<T> Node; 
	typedef hash_bucket<K, T, KeyOfT, Hash> HT;
	typedef Hash_Iterator<K, T, Ref, Ptr, KeyOfT, Hash> Self;

	Node* _node;
	const HT* _ht;

	Hash_Iterator(Node* node, const HT* ht)
		:_node(node)
		, _ht(ht)
	{}

	Ref operator*()
	{
		return _node->_data;
	}

	Ptr operator->()
	{
		return &_node->_data;
	}

	bool operator!=(const Self& s)
	{
		return _node != s._node;
	}

	// 16:46
	Self& operator++()
	{
		if (_node->_next)
		{
			// 当前桶还有数据,走到当前桶下一个节点
			_node = _node->_next;
		}
		else
		{
			// 当前桶走完了,找下一个不为空的桶
			KeyOfT kot;
			Hash hash;
			size_t hashi = hash(kot(_node->_data)) % _ht->_tables.size();
			++hashi;
			while (hashi < _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = _ht->_tables[hashi];

				if (_node)
					break;
				else
					++hashi;
			}

			// 所有桶都走完了,end()给的空标识的_node
			if (hashi == _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = nullptr;
			}
		}

		return *this;
	}

};



template<class K,class T,class KeyofT,class Hashturn> 
class hash_bucket
{
	template<class K, class T, class ref, class ptr, class KeyofT, class Hashturn>
	friend struct  Hash_Iterator;
	typedef Buket_Node<T> Node;
public:
	typedef  Hash_Iterator<K, T, T&, T*, KeyofT, Hashturn> Iterator;
	typedef Hash_Iterator<K, T, const T&, const T*, KeyofT, Hashturn> Const_Iterator;
	//Iterator begin()
	//{
	//	if()
	//	for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
	//	{
	//		Node* cur = _tables[i];
	//		if (cur)
	//		{
	//			return Iterator(cur, this);
	//		}
	//	}
	//}

	hash_bucket()
		:_n(0)
		, _tables(__stl_next_prime(0))
	{}

	Iterator begin()
	{
		if (_n == 0)
		{
			return Iterator(nullptr, this);
		}
		for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
		{
			Node* cur = _tables[i];
			if (cur)
			{
				return Iterator(cur, this);
			}
		}
	}
	Iterator end()
	{
		return Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	Const_Iterator end() const
	{
		return Const_Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	Const_Iterator begin()const
	{
		if (_n == 0)
		{
			return Const_Iterator(nullptr, this);
		}
		for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
		{
			Node* cur = _tables[i];
			if (cur)
				return Const_Iterator(cur, this);
		}
	}
	pair<Iterator, bool> insert(const T& data)
	{

		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		//判断负载因子 
		if (1 == (_n / _tables.size()))
		{
			Iterator it = Find(kot(data));
			if (it != end())
				return { it, false };
			vector<Node*> newtables(__stl_next_prime(_tables.size() + 1));
			for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
			{
				Node* cur = _tables[i];
				while (cur)
				{
					Node* next = cur->_next;
					//头插
					size_t hashi = hash(kot(cur->_data)) % newtables.size();

					cur->_next = newtables[hashi];
					newtables[hashi] = cur;

					cur = next;

				}
				_tables[i] = nullptr;
			}
			_tables.swap(newtables);
		}

		size_t hashi = hash(kot(data)) % _tables.size();
		// 头插
		Node* newnode = new Node(data);
		newnode->_next = _tables[hashi];
		_tables[hashi] = newnode;
		++_n;

		return { Iterator(newnode, this), false };

	}


	Iterator Find(const K& key)
	{
		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		size_t hashi = hash(key) % _tables.size();
		Node* cur = _tables[hashi];
		while (cur)
		{
			if (kot(cur->_data) == key)
			{
				return Iterator(cur, this);
			}
		}
		return Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	bool erase(const K& key)
	{
		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		Node* prev = nullptr;
		size_t hashi = hash(key) % _tables.size();
		Node* cur = _tables[hashi];

		while (cur)
		{
			if (kot(cur->_data) == key)
			{
				if (prev)
				{
					//prev不为空
					prev->_next = cur->_next;
				}
				else
				{
					//prev为空
					_tables[hashi] = prev;
				}
				delete cur;
				_n--;

				return true;
			}
			else
			{
				prev = cur;
				cur = cur->_next;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
private:
	size_t _n = 0;
	vector<Node*> _tables;
};
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3 ⽀持iterator的实现

terator核⼼源代码:

template <class Value, class Key, class HashFcn,
class ExtractKey, class EqualKey, class Alloc>
struct __hashtable_iterator {
typedef hashtable<Value, Key, HashFcn, ExtractKey, EqualKey, Alloc>
hashtable;
typedef __hashtable_iterator<Value, Key, HashFcn,
ExtractKey, EqualKey, Alloc>
iterator;
typedef __hashtable_const_iterator<Value, Key, HashFcn,
ExtractKey, EqualKey, Alloc>
const_iterator;
typedef __hashtable_node<Value> node;
typedef forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef Value value_type;
node* cur;
hashtable* ht;
__hashtable_iterator(node* n, hashtable* tab) : cur(n), ht(tab) {}
__hashtable_iterator() {}
reference operator*() const { return cur->val; }
#ifndef __SGI_STL_NO_ARROW_OPERATOR
pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
#endif /* __SGI_STL_NO_ARROW_OPERATOR */
iterator& operator++();
iterator operator++(int);
bool operator==(const iterator& it) const { return cur == it.cur; }
bool operator!=(const iterator& it) const { return cur != it.cur; }
};
template <class V, class K, class HF, class ExK, class EqK, class A>
__hashtable_iterator<V, K, HF, ExK, EqK, A>&
__hashtable_iterator<V, K, HF, ExK, EqK, A>::operator++()
{
const node* old = cur;
cur = cur->next;
if (!cur) {
size_type bucket = ht->bkt_num(old->val);
while (!cur && ++bucket < ht->buckets.size())
cur = ht->buckets[bucket];
}
return *this;
}
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模拟实现iterator实现思路分析:

•iterator实现的⼤框架跟list的iterator思路是⼀致的,⽤⼀个类型封装结点的指针,再通过重载运算符实现,迭代器像指针⼀样访问的⾏为,要注意的是哈希表的迭代器是单向迭代器。


•这⾥的难点是operator++的实现。iterator中有⼀个指向结点的指针,如果当前桶下⾯还有结点,则结点的指针指向下⼀个结点即可。如果当前桶⾛完了,则需要想办法计算找到下⼀个桶。这⾥的难点是反⽽是结构设计的问题,参考上⾯的源码,我们可以看到iterator中除了有结点的指针,还有哈希表对象的指针,这样当前桶⾛完了,要计算下⼀个桶就相对容易多了,⽤key值计算出当前桶位置,依次往后找下⼀个不为空的桶即可。


• begin()返回第⼀个桶中第⼀个节点指针构造的迭代器,这⾥end()返回迭代器可以⽤空表⽰。


•unordered_set的iterator也不⽀持修改,我们把unordered_set的第⼆个模板参数改成const K即可,HashTable _ht;


•unordered_map的iterator不⽀持修改key但是可以修改value,我们把unordered_map的第⼆个模板参数pair的第⼀个参数改成constK即可, HashTable,MapKeyOfT, Hash> _ht;


•⽀持完整的迭代器还有很多细节需要修改,具体参考下⾯题的代码。

【说明】:
在这里我们用链地址法来实现哈希表

在这里插入图片描述
模拟代码实现:
要点1:哈希的迭代器与list迭代器相似
要点2:哈希表的迭代器是单向迭代器
要点3:哈希表的迭代器的成员有哈希结点、和哈希表。

template<class K, class T, class Ref, class Ptr, class KeyOfT, class Hash>
struct Hash_Iterator
{
	typedef Buket_Node<T> Node; 
	typedef hash_bucket<K, T, KeyOfT, Hash> HT;
	typedef Hash_Iterator<K, T, Ref, Ptr, KeyOfT, Hash> Self;

	Node* _node;
	const HT* _ht;

	Hash_Iterator(Node* node, const HT* ht)
		:_node(node)
		, _ht(ht)
	{}

	Ref operator*()
	{
		return _node->_data;
	}

	Ptr operator->()
	{
		return &_node->_data;
	}

	bool operator!=(const Self& s)
	{
		return _node != s._node;
	}

	// 16:46
	Self& operator++()
	{
		if (_node->_next)
		{
			// 当前桶还有数据,走到当前桶下一个节点
			_node = _node->_next;
		}
		else
		{
			// 当前桶走完了,找下一个不为空的桶
			KeyOfT kot;
			Hash hash;
			size_t hashi = hash(kot(_node->_data)) % _ht->_tables.size();
			++hashi;
			while (hashi < _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = _ht->_tables[hashi];

				if (_node)
					break;
				else
					++hashi;
			}

			// 所有桶都走完了,end()给的空标识的_node
			if (hashi == _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = nullptr;
			}
		}

		return *this;
	}

};
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4 map⽀持[]

• unordered_map要⽀持[]主要需要修改insert返回值⽀持,修改HashTable中的insert返回值为pair Insert(const T& data)


•有了insert⽀持[]实现就很简单了,具体参考下⾯代码实现

T& operator[](const K& key)
{
	pair<iterator, bool> ret = insert({ key, T() });
	return ret.first->second;
}
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5 unordered_set/map模拟实现

unordered_set

template<class K,class Hashturn = Hashturn<K>>
class unordered_set
{
	struct KeyofT
	{
		const K& operator()(const K& kv)
		{
			return kv;
		}
	};
public:

	typedef	typename hash_bucket<K,const K,KeyofT, Hashturn>::Iterator iterator;
	typedef typename hash_bucket<K,const K,KeyofT, Hashturn>::Const_Iterator const_iterator;

	iterator begin()
	{
		return _ht.begin();
	}

	iterator end()
	{
		return _ht.end();
	}

	const_iterator begin() const
	{
		return _ht.begin();
	}

	const_iterator end() const
	{
		return _ht.end();
	}
	pair<iterator, bool> insert(const K& kv) 
	{
		return _ht.insert(kv);
	}

	iterator Find(const K& key)
	{
		return _ht.Find(key);
	}

	bool Erase(const K& key)
	{
		return _ht.erase(key);
	}

private:
	hash_bucket<K, const K, KeyofT, Hashturn> _ht;  
};
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unordered_map

	template<class K, class T, class Hashturn = Hashturn<K>>
	class unordered_map
	{
		struct KeyofT
		{
			const K& operator()(const pair<K, T>& kv) 
			{
				return kv.first;
			}
		};
	public:

		typedef	typename hash_bucket<K, pair< const K, T>, KeyofT, Hashturn>::Iterator iterator;   
		typedef typename hash_bucket<K, pair< const K, T>, KeyofT, Hashturn>::Const_Iterator const_iterator;  

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _ht.begin();
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _ht.end();
		}

		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return _ht.begin();
		}

		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return _ht.end();
		}

		T& operator[](const K& key)
		{
			pair<iterator, bool> ret = insert({ key, T() });
			return ret.first->second;
		}

		pair<iterator, bool> insert(const pair<K, T>& kv) 
		{
			return _ht.insert(kv);
		}

		iterator Find(const K& key)
		{
			return _ht.Find(key);
		}

		bool Erase(const K& key)
		{
			return _ht.erase(key);
		}

	private: 
	 hash_bucket<K, pair<const K, T>, KeyofT, Hashturn> _ht; 
	};

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hash_bucket


```inline unsigned long __stl_next_prime(unsigned long n)
{
	// Note: assumes long is at least 32 bits.
	static const int __stl_num_primes = 28;
	static const unsigned long __stl_prime_list[__stl_num_primes] =
	{
	53, 97, 193, 389, 769,
	1543, 3079, 6151, 12289, 24593,
	49157, 98317, 196613, 393241, 786433,
	1572869, 3145739, 6291469, 12582917, 25165843,
	50331653, 100663319, 201326611, 402653189, 805306457,
	1610612741, 3221225473, 4294967291
	};
	const unsigned long* first = __stl_prime_list;
	const unsigned long* last = __stl_prime_list +
		__stl_num_primes;
	const unsigned long* pos = lower_bound(first, last, n);
	return pos == last ? *(last - 1) : *pos;
}




template<class T>
struct Buket_Node
{
	T _data;
	Buket_Node<T>* _next; 

	Buket_Node(const T& data) 
		:_data(data) 
		,_next(nullptr) 
	{}
}; 


//如果要支持Key的比较,那么就需要仿函数来实现,如string 映射,在映射到哈希表中
//默认的哈希仿函数,float,负数,转为无符号整形
template<class K>
struct Hashturn
{
	size_t operator()(const K& key)
	{
		return (size_t)key;

	}
};

//如果是sring类型,那么我们就可以单独的给string,建立一个仿函数实现第一层映射
//走特化
template<>
struct Hashturn<string>
{
	size_t operator()(const string& key)
	{
		size_t m = 0;
		//把ASCALL码值加起来
		for (auto& e : key)
		{
			//用ASCALL来实现,字符转数字
			m += e;
		}
		return m;
	}
};



template<class K, class T, class KeyofT, class Hashturn> 
class hash_bucket;


template<class K, class T, class Ref, class Ptr, class KeyOfT, class Hash>
struct Hash_Iterator
{
	typedef Buket_Node<T> Node; 
	typedef hash_bucket<K, T, KeyOfT, Hash> HT;
	typedef Hash_Iterator<K, T, Ref, Ptr, KeyOfT, Hash> Self;

	Node* _node;
	const HT* _ht;

	Hash_Iterator(Node* node, const HT* ht)
		:_node(node)
		, _ht(ht)
	{}

	Ref operator*()
	{
		return _node->_data;
	}

	Ptr operator->()
	{
		return &_node->_data;
	}

	bool operator!=(const Self& s)
	{
		return _node != s._node;
	}

	// 16:46
	Self& operator++()
	{
		if (_node->_next)
		{
			// 当前桶还有数据,走到当前桶下一个节点
			_node = _node->_next;
		}
		else
		{
			// 当前桶走完了,找下一个不为空的桶
			KeyOfT kot;
			Hash hash;
			size_t hashi = hash(kot(_node->_data)) % _ht->_tables.size();
			++hashi;
			while (hashi < _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = _ht->_tables[hashi];

				if (_node)
					break;
				else
					++hashi;
			}

			// 所有桶都走完了,end()给的空标识的_node
			if (hashi == _ht->_tables.size())
			{
				_node = nullptr;
			}
		}

		return *this;
	}

};



template<class K,class T,class KeyofT,class Hashturn> 
class hash_bucket
{
	template<class K, class T, class ref, class ptr, class KeyofT, class Hashturn>
	friend struct  Hash_Iterator;
	typedef Buket_Node<T> Node;
public:
	typedef  Hash_Iterator<K, T, T&, T*, KeyofT, Hashturn> Iterator;
	typedef Hash_Iterator<K, T, const T&, const T*, KeyofT, Hashturn> Const_Iterator;
	//Iterator begin()
	//{
	//	if()
	//	for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
	//	{
	//		Node* cur = _tables[i];
	//		if (cur)
	//		{
	//			return Iterator(cur, this);
	//		}
	//	}
	//}

	hash_bucket()
		:_n(0)
		, _tables(__stl_next_prime(0))
	{}

	Iterator begin()
	{
		if (_n == 0)
		{
			return Iterator(nullptr, this);
		}
		for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
		{
			Node* cur = _tables[i];
			if (cur)
			{
				return Iterator(cur, this);
			}
		}
	}
	Iterator end()
	{
		return Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	Const_Iterator end() const
	{
		return Const_Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	Const_Iterator begin()const
	{
		if (_n == 0)
		{
			return Const_Iterator(nullptr, this);
		}
		for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
		{
			Node* cur = _tables[i];
			if (cur)
				return Const_Iterator(cur, this);
		}
	}
	pair<Iterator, bool> insert(const T& data)
	{

		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		//判断负载因子 
		if (1 == (_n / _tables.size()))
		{
			Iterator it = Find(kot(data));
			if (it != end())
				return { it, false };
			vector<Node*> newtables(__stl_next_prime(_tables.size() + 1));
			for (int i = 0;i < _tables.size();i++)
			{
				Node* cur = _tables[i];
				while (cur)
				{
					Node* next = cur->_next;
					//头插
					size_t hashi = hash(kot(cur->_data)) % newtables.size();

					cur->_next = newtables[hashi];
					newtables[hashi] = cur;

					cur = next;

				}
				_tables[i] = nullptr;
			}
			_tables.swap(newtables);
		}

		size_t hashi = hash(kot(data)) % _tables.size();
		// 头插
		Node* newnode = new Node(data);
		newnode->_next = _tables[hashi];
		_tables[hashi] = newnode;
		++_n;

		return { Iterator(newnode, this), false };

	}


	Iterator Find(const K& key)
	{
		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		size_t hashi = hash(key) % _tables.size();
		Node* cur = _tables[hashi];
		while (cur)
		{
			if (kot(cur->_data) == key)
			{
				return Iterator(cur, this);
			}
		}
		return Iterator(nullptr, this);
	}

	bool erase(const K& key)
	{
		KeyofT kot;
		Hashturn hash;
		Node* prev = nullptr;
		size_t hashi = hash(key) % _tables.size();
		Node* cur = _tables[hashi];

		while (cur)
		{
			if (kot(cur->_data) == key)
			{
				if (prev)
				{
					//prev不为空
					prev->_next = cur->_next;
				}
				else
				{
					//prev为空
					_tables[hashi] = prev;
				}
				delete cur;
				_n--;

				return true;
			}
			else
			{
				prev = cur;
				cur = cur->_next;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
private:
	size_t _n = 0;
	vector<Node*> _tables;
};   
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再见,并非终点,而是另一段旅程的起点。愿我们在各自的旅途中,都能遇见更美的风景,书写更加精彩的人生篇章!!!

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注:本文转载自blog.csdn.net的sdzdwa的文章"https://blog.csdn.net/2301_80109683/article/details/145366437"。版权归原作者所有,此博客不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如有侵权,请联系我们删除。
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