C#结合html2canvas生成切割图片并导出到PDF

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目录

需求

开发运行环境

实现

生成HTML范例片断

HTML元素转BASE64

BASE64转图片

切割长图片

生成PDF文件

小结

需求

html2canvas 是一个 JavaScript 库，它可以把任意一个网页中的元素（包括整个网页）绘制到指定的 canvas 中，适用于生成网截图或将指定元素容器内容保存为图像等。现有需求如下：

1、C#后台输出HTML片段内容到客户端；

2、引入 html2canvas 库，放置 canvas 对象，操作客户端功能保存 canvas 内容生成图像 base64数据；

3、回传 base64 数据，C# 生成图像

4、C# 对于生成的长图进行切割，生成多张图片

5、将多张图片导出生成到PDF文件。

开发运行环境

操作系统： Windows Server 2019 DataCenter

.net版本： .netFramework4.7.2 

js库：html2canvas  1.3.2  版本库

数据库：MS SQL SERVER 2016

开发工具：VS2019  C#

实现

生成HTML范例片断

我们假设有存储过程（CCDN_getTableDetail），通过传递表名参数（@tablename nvarchar(50)），可以获取表的详细信息，包括（表名、表说明、字段序号、字段名、字段说明、标识、主键、类型、长度、占用字节数、小数位数、允许空、默认值），代码如下：

  1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1">
class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">CREATE PROCEDURE CCDN_getTableDetail
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2">
    • class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> @tablename nvarchar(50)
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">AS
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">BEGIN
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> -- interfering with SELECT statements.
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> SET NOCOUNT ON;
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">SELECT
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 表名=convert(nvarchar(50),case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 表说明=convert(nvarchar(50),case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 字段序号=convert(nvarchar(50),a.colorder),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 字段名=convert(nvarchar(50),a.name),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 字段说明=convert(nvarchar(50),isnull(g.[value],'')),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 标识=convert(nvarchar(50),case when COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 主键=convert(nvarchar(50),case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and name in (
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ))) then '√' else '' end),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 类型=convert(nvarchar(50),b.name),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 长度=convert(nvarchar(50),COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION')),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 占用字节数=convert(nvarchar(50),a.length),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 小数位数=convert(nvarchar(50),isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0)),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 允许空=convert(nvarchar(50),case when a.isnullable=1 then 'NULL'else 'NOT NULL' end),
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 默认值=convert(nvarchar(50),isnull(e.text,''))
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> FROM syscolumns a
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left join systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left join syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left join sys.extended_properties g on a.id=g.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left join sys.extended_properties f on d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id =0
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> where d.name=@tablename
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> order by a.id,a.colorder
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">END
    •  class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    运行效果如下图：

    现我们通过 DataSet 获取数据集数据，并绑定显示在 DataGrid 控件（q_dbgrid）上。 如何获取数据集信息可阅读我的文章《C# 利用IDbDataAdapter / IDataReader 实现通用数据集获取》。

    绑定示例代码如下：

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        object rv2 = GetDataSet(sql, paras,CommandType.StoredProcedure);
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        DataSet ds = (DataSet)rv2;
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        DataTable dt = ds.Tables[0];
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        q_dbgrid.AllowPaging = true;
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        q_dbgrid.PagerStyle.Visible = false;
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        q_dbgrid.PageSize = 1000;
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        q_dbgrid.DataSource = ds;
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        q_dbgrid.DataBind();
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    HTML元素转BASE64

    在页面上放置 canvas 画布控件（myCanvas）和临时存放BASE64数据的 TextBox 控件（ds），首先需要引用 html2canvas js库，如下：

     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    客户端示例代码如下：

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

     通过 html2canvas 方法生成 jpeg类型的图像数据（canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg")）并存储在 ds 控件里。

    BASE64转图片

    Base64StringToImage方法说明如下表：

    class="table-box">
    序号参数名类型说明
    1strbase64stringbase64数据
    2outputFilenamestring输出的图像文件全路径

    实现代码如下：

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public bool Base64StringToImage(string strbase64, string outputFilename)
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       byte[] arr = Convert.FromBase64String(strbase64);
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(arr);
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       System.Drawing.Image img = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(ms);
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       img.Save(outputFilename);
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       img.Dispose();
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       if (File.Exists(outputFilename))
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       {
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">           return true;
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       }
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">       return false;
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    切割长图片

    为保证较好的显示效果，可能需要对长图片进行切割，生成多个图像文件，并存到指定的目录里，以备后续导出生成PDF文件使用。示例代码如下：

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">string outjpgpath = "D:\\testPDF\\";
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">string filename="D:\\test.jpg";
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">string base64Data = ds.Text.Trim().Replace("data:image/jpeg;base64,", "");
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">Base64StringToImage(base64Data, filename);
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">System.Drawing.Bitmap sbitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(filename);
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int out_width = sbitmap.Width;
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int ref_height = 1000; int com_height = sbitmap.Height;
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int hCount =sbitmap.Height1:sbitmap.Height % ref_height==0?sbitmap.Height/ref_height:sbitmap.Height/ref_height+1;
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int out_top = 0;
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">int out_height = ref_height;
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">for (int i = 1; i <= hCount; i++)
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">{
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     if (i == 1) { out_top = 0; } else { out_top = ref_height * (i - 1) + 1; }
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     out_height = com_height < ref_height ? System.Math.Abs(com_height)-1 : ref_height;
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     com_height -= ref_height;
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     System.Drawing.Bitmap dbitmap = sbitmap.Clone(new System.Drawing.RectangleF(0, out_top, sbitmap.Width, out_height), System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     string f = "test" + ("0000" + i.ToString()).PadLeft(4) + ".jpg";
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     dbitmap.Save(outjpgpath + f);
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">     dbitmap.Dispose();
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">sbitmap.Dispose();
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    outjpgpath为输出的多图片目录，filename 为生成的长图的地址。

    ref_height为自定义的切割高度，根据指定切割高底生成若干“子”图片。

    生成PDF文件

    通过读取目录中的多个图像文件生成PDF，可阅读我的文章《C# 将批量图片转为PDF文件》，这里不再赘述。

    小结

    切割图片中的 ref_height，我们可以根据自定义的要求进行设定，如某些标准的页面尺寸像素值。另外，一些异常情况也需要进行判断，图片的生成质量也可以进行调整 ，这些我们都要根据实际的应用进行调整。

    另外，还可以通过API的方式，将网页内容保存为图片，循环生成对应的图片，以解决长图片切割的问题，可参阅我的文章《C# 实现网页内容保存为图片并生成压缩包》

    感谢您的阅读，希望本文能够对您有所帮助。

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