NNDL 作业11：优化算法比较_HBU_David的博客-CSDN博客

作业第7题。

写完程序后，调整不同的学习率，观察现象。

optimizers["SGD"] = SGD(lr=0.9)
optimizers["Momentum"] = Momentum(lr=0.3)
optimizers["Nesterov"] = Nesterov(lr=0.3)
optimizers["AdaGrad"] = AdaGrad(lr=0.6)
optimizers["RMSprop"] = RMSprop(lr=0.6)
optimizers["Adam"] = Adam(lr=0.6)

加深对算法、学习率、梯度的理解，更好地掌握相关知识。

  源代码

# coding: utf-8
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from collections import OrderedDict
 
 
class SGD:
    """随机梯度下降法（Stochastic Gradient Descent）"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.01):
        self.lr = lr
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        for key in params.keys():
            params[key] -= self.lr * grads[key]
 
 
class Momentum:
    """Momentum SGD"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.01, momentum=0.9):
        self.lr = lr
        self.momentum = momentum
        self.v = None
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        if self.v is None:
            self.v = {}
            for key, val in params.items():
                self.v[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
 
        for key in params.keys():
            self.v[key] = self.momentum * self.v[key] - self.lr * grads[key]
            params[key] += self.v[key]
 
 
class Nesterov:
    """Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient (http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.0901)"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.01, momentum=0.9):
        self.lr = lr
        self.momentum = momentum
        self.v = None
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        if self.v is None:
            self.v = {}
            for key, val in params.items():
                self.v[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
 
        for key in params.keys():
            self.v[key] *= self.momentum
            self.v[key] -= self.lr * grads[key]
            params[key] += self.momentum * self.momentum * self.v[key]
            params[key] -= (1 + self.momentum) * self.lr * grads[key]
 
 
class AdaGrad:
    """AdaGrad"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.01):
        self.lr = lr
        self.h = None
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        if self.h is None:
            self.h = {}
            for key, val in params.items():
                self.h[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
 
        for key in params.keys():
            self.h[key] += grads[key] * grads[key]
            params[key] -= self.lr * grads[key] / (np.sqrt(self.h[key]) + 1e-7)
 
 
class RMSprop:
    """RMSprop"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.01, decay_rate=0.99):
        self.lr = lr
        self.decay_rate = decay_rate
        self.h = None
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        if self.h is None:
            self.h = {}
            for key, val in params.items():
                self.h[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
 
        for key in params.keys():
            self.h[key] *= self.decay_rate
            self.h[key] += (1 - self.decay_rate) * grads[key] * grads[key]
            params[key] -= self.lr * grads[key] / (np.sqrt(self.h[key]) + 1e-7)
 
 
class Adam:
    """Adam (http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980v8)"""
 
    def __init__(self, lr=0.001, beta1=0.9, beta2=0.999):
        self.lr = lr
        self.beta1 = beta1
        self.beta2 = beta2
        self.iter = 0
        self.m = None
        self.v = None
 
    def update(self, params, grads):
        if self.m is None:
            self.m, self.v = {}, {}
            for key, val in params.items():
                self.m[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
                self.v[key] = np.zeros_like(val)
 
        self.iter += 1
        lr_t = self.lr * np.sqrt(1.0 - self.beta2 ** self.iter) / (1.0 - self.beta1 ** self.iter)
 
        for key in params.keys():
            self.m[key] += (1 - self.beta1) * (grads[key] - self.m[key])
            self.v[key] += (1 - self.beta2) * (grads[key] ** 2 - self.v[key])
 
            params[key] -= lr_t * self.m[key] / (np.sqrt(self.v[key]) + 1e-7)
 
 
def f(x, y):
    return x ** 2 / 20.0 + y ** 2
 
 
def df(x, y):
    return x / 10.0, 2.0 * y
 
 
init_pos = (-7.0, 2.0)
params = {}
params['x'], params['y'] = init_pos[0], init_pos[1]
grads = {}
grads['x'], grads['y'] = 0, 0
 
learningrate = [0.9,0.3,0.3,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.6]
optimizers = OrderedDict()
optimizers["SGD"] = SGD(lr=learningrate[0])
optimizers["Momentum"] = Momentum(lr=learningrate[1])
optimizers["Nesterov"] = Nesterov(lr=learningrate[2])
optimizers["AdaGrad"] = AdaGrad(lr=learningrate[3])
optimizers["RMSprop"] = RMSprop(lr=learningrate[4])
optimizers["Adam"] = Adam(lr=learningrate[5])
 
idx = 1
id_lr = 0
 
for key in optimizers:
    optimizer = optimizers[key]
    lr = learningrate[id_lr]
    id_lr = id_lr + 1
    x_history = []
    y_history = []
    params['x'], params['y'] = init_pos[0], init_pos[1]
 
    for i in range(30):
        x_history.append(params['x'])
        y_history.append(params['y'])
 
        grads['x'], grads['y'] = df(params['x'], params['y'])
        optimizer.update(params, grads)
 
    x = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.01)
    y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.01)
 
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
    Z = f(X, Y)
    # for simple contour line
    mask = Z > 7
    Z[mask] = 0
 
    # plot
    plt.subplot(2, 3, idx)
    idx += 1
    plt.plot(x_history, y_history, 'o-', color="r")
    # plt.contour(X, Y, Z)  # 绘制等高线
    plt.contour(X, Y, Z, cmap='gray')  # 颜色填充
    plt.ylim(-10, 10)
    plt.xlim(-10, 10)
    plt.plot(0, 0, '+')
    # plt.axis('off')
    # plt.title(key+'\nlr='+str(lr), fontstyle='italic')
    plt.text(0, 10, key+'\nlr='+str(lr), fontsize=20, color="b",
             verticalalignment ='top', horizontalalignment ='center',fontstyle='italic')
    plt.xlabel("x")
    plt.ylabel("y")
 
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)  # 调整子图间距
plt.show()