class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import com.google.common.collect.Maps; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Map; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class TwoNumSum { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (null == nums || nums.length == 0) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("nums array is illegal!"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Map twoSumMap = Maps.newHashMap(); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int complement = target - nums[i]; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (twoSumMap.containsKey(complement)) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return new int[]{twoSumMap.get(complement), i}; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> twoSumMap.put(nums[i], i); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("No two sum solution"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[] twoSumIndex(int[] nums, int target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (null == nums || nums.length == 0) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("nums array is illegal!"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] sortedNums = Arrays.copyOf(nums, nums.length); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(sortedNums); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (i < j) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (sortedNums[i] + sortedNums[j] == target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> break; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (sortedNums[i] + sortedNums[j] < target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="84"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> i++; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="85"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="86"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="87"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> j--; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="88"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="89"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="90"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="91"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[i] + nums[j] != target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="92"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="93"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("No two sum solution"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="94"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="95"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="96"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="97"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int index1 = -1, index2 = -1; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="98"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int k = 0; k < nums.length; k++) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="99"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[k] == sortedNums[i] && index1 == -1) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="100"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="101"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> index1 = k; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="102"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (nums[k] == sortedNums[j] && index2 == -1) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="103"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="104"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> index2 = k; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="105"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="106"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="107"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="108"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="109"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return new int[]{index1, index2}; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="110"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="111"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="112"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="113"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="114"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="115"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="116"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="117"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="118"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="119"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="120"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="121"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="122"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="123"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="124"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="125"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="126"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="127"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[] twoSumForSortArray(int[] nums, int target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="128"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (null == nums || nums.length == 0) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="129"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("nums array is illegal!"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="130"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="131"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="132"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="133"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="134"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = nums[left] + nums[right]; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="135"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (sum == target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="136"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return new int[]{left + 1, right + 1}; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="137"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (sum < target) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="138"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="139"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="140"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="141"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="142"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="143"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("No two sum solution"); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="144"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="145"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="146"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="147"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) { class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="148"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {2, 7, 11, 15}; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="149"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int target = 9; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="150"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] expected = {0, 1}; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="151"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="152"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.equals(new TwoNumSum().twoSum(nums, target), expected)); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="153"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.equals(new TwoNumSum().twoSumIndex(nums, target), expected)); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="154"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.equals(new TwoNumSum().twoSumForSortArray(nums, target), expected)); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="155"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="156"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> target = 93; class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="157"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.equals(new TwoNumSum().twoSumIndex(nums, target), expected)); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="158"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.equals(new TwoNumSum().twoSumForSortArray(nums, target), expected)); class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="159"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="160"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">} class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
2、三数之和 (Three Sum)
题目描述:在一个数组中找到三个数,使得它们的和等于0。
解题思路
目前时间复杂度最优的三数之和解法是基于双指针的方法。
具体思路是先对数组进行排序,然后从小到大枚举第一个数,再用双指针分别指向第一个数后面的数组首尾两端,向中间逼近寻找满足条件的三元组。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.List;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class ThreeNumSum {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public List
> threeSum(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length < 3) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return Lists.newArrayList();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List
> res = Lists.newArrayList();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < nums.length - 2; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[i] > 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> break;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> continue;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = i + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int right = nums.length - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (sum == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> res.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (sum < 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return res;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List
> res = new ThreeNumSum().threeSum(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(res);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
3、最接近的三数之和 (3Sum Closest)
题目描述:给定一个包括 n 个整数的数组 nums 和 一个目标值 target。找出 nums 中的三个整数,使得它们的和与 target 最接近。返回这三个数的和。假定每组输入只存在唯一答案。
例如,给定数组 nums = [-1,2,1,-4], 和 target = 1.
与 target 最接近的三个数的和为 2. (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2)。
解题思路
最优解法是先将数组排序,然后利用双指针扫描数组。具体思路如下:
- 将数组排序。
- 遍历数组,以当前元素为基准,使用双指针扫描基准元素之后的数组。
- 双指针指向的两个元素和基准元素相加,计算它们和target的差值。
- 如果差值小于当前最小差值(初始值可以设置为无穷大),则更新当前最小差值和结果。
- 根据差值与0的关系移动左右指针。
最后得到的结果即为最接近target的三数之和。
这个算法的时间复杂度为O(n^2),与3Sum相比,只是多了一个计算差值和更新结果的过程。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class ThreeSumClosest {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int threeSumClosest(int[] nums, int target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = nums.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int best = 10000000;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> continue;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int j = i + 1, k = n - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (j < k) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (sum == target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return target;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (Math.abs(sum - target) < Math.abs(best - target)) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> best = sum;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (sum > target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int k0 = k - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (j < k0 && nums[k0] == nums[k]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> --k0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> k = k0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int j0 = j + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (j0 < k && nums[j0] == nums[j]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ++j0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> j = j0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return best;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {-1, 2, 1, -4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int target = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new ThreeSumClosest().threeSumClosest(nums, target));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
备注:Arrays.sort底层原理
Java中的Arrays.sort()
方法实现了对数组的排序。具体实现方式会根据不同的数据类型(如整型、浮点型、自定义对象等)采用不同的排序算法,其中对于基本数据类型的数组,采用的是双轴快速排序(Dual-Pivot Quicksort)算法。
双轴快速排序算法是一种快速排序的变种,其基本思想是将数组分为三部分,其中第一部分是小于第一个枢轴元素的元素,第二部分是介于第一个枢轴元素和第二个枢轴元素之间的元素,第三部分是大于第二个枢轴元素的元素。然后对前两部分和后两部分分别递归执行排序操作,直到最终完成整个数组的排序。
在实现过程中,双轴快速排序算法采用了多个优化策略,如当待排序数组长度小于某个阈值时,会转而采用插入排序或归并排序等算法。此外,它还对递归的深度进行了限制,防止因递归层数过多而导致栈溢出。
除了双轴快速排序,对于其他类型的数组,Arrays.sort()
方法还可能采用归并排序、插入排序等算法实现排序操作。在Java 8中,对于大部分情况下的排序操作,Arrays.sort()
方法还提供了并行排序的实现方式,可以更好地利用多核处理器的性能优势。
4、移动零 (Move Zeroes)
题目描述:给定一个数组 nums
,编写一个函数将所有 0
移动到数组的末尾,同时保持非零元素的相对顺序。
示例:输入: [0,1,0,3,12] 输出: [1,3,12,0,0]
解题思路
双指针法:使用两个指针 left
和 right
,其中 left
指向第一个 0 的位置,right
指向第一个不为 0 的位置,然后将 right
指向的数赋值给 left
指向的位置,同时将 right
指针后移,left
指针也后移,如此循环,直到 right
指针超出数组范围。
最后,将 left
指针之后的所有元素置为 0,即可得到移动零后的数组。
这种解法时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1),是最优解法。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MoveZeroes {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public void moveZeroes(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0, right = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (right < nums.length) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[right] != 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[left] = nums[right];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < nums.length) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[left] = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {0, 1, 0, 3, 12};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MoveZeroes().moveZeroes(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
5、旋转数组 (Rotate Array)
题目描述:将一个含有 n 个元素的数组向右旋转 k 步。
例如,输入: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] 和 k = 3,输出: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]
要求使用空间复杂度为 O(1) 的原地算法进行解决。
解题思路
旋转数组的最优解法是“三次翻转算法”,时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
具体步骤如下:
-
将整个数组翻转,即将数组中的元素首尾颠倒,这样原数组的最后 k 个元素就被移到了数组的前面。比如上面的例子,对 [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] 进行翻转,得到 [7,6,5,4,3,2,1]。
-
然后翻转数组的前 k 个元素,这样就能将原数组的最后 k 个元素移到数组的前面。对于上面的例子,翻转前 3 个元素,即 [7,6,5,4,3,2,1] 中的 [7,6,5],得到 [5,6,7,4,3,2,1]。
-
最后翻转数组中从第 k+1 个元素到末尾的元素,这样就能得到旋转后的数组。对于上面的例子,翻转从第 4 个元素到末尾的元素,即 [5,6,7,4,3,2,1] 中的 [4,3,2,1],得到 [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]。
通过这种算法,我们只需要对数组进行三次翻转,就能够得到旋转后的数组,而不需要使用额外的数组来存储中间结果,因此空间复杂度为 O(1)。而由于每个元素都只被访问了一次,时间复杂度为 O(n)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class RotateArray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = nums.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> k %= n;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (k == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> reverse(nums, 0, n - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> reverse(nums, 0, k - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> reverse(nums, k, n - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private void reverse(int[] nums, int start, int end) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (start < end) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int temp = nums[start];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[start] = nums[end];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[end] = temp;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> start++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> end--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int k = 3;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new RotateArray().rotate(nums, k);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
6、搜索旋转排序数组 (Search in Rotated Sorted Array)
题目描述:给定一个整数数组 nums
,按升序排列,数组中的元素各不相同。nums
可以在预先未知的某个点上进行旋转,使数组变为 [nums[k], nums[k+1], ..., nums[n-1], nums[0], nums[1], ..., nums[k-1]]
(下标从 0
开始计数)。例如,数组 [0,1,2,4,5,6,7]
在变化后可能变为 [4,5,6,7,0,1,2]
。
请你在数组中搜索 target
,如果数组中存在这个目标值,则返回它的索引,否则返回 -1
。
示例1:输入:nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0 输出:4
示例2:输入:nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3 输出:-1
示例3:输入:nums = [1], target = 0 输出:-1
提示:
1 <= nums.length <= 5000
-10^4 <= nums[i] <= 10^4
nums
中的每个值都 独一无二`- 题目数据保证
nums
在预先未知的某个点上进行了旋转 -10^4 <= target <= 10^4
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
解题思路
搜索旋转排序数组问题的最优解法是二分查找算法,时间复杂度为 O(log n)。
该算法的关键在于确定哪一部分是有序的。我们可以将数组分为两部分,左半部分 [left, mid] 和右半部分 [mid + 1, right],根据这个分界点,数组中必定有一半是有序的。
我们首先通过比较 nums[mid] 和 nums[left] 的值,可以确定左半部分 [left, mid] 是否有序。如果 nums[mid] >= nums[left],说明左半部分有序,否则右半部分 [mid + 1, right] 有序。
如果左半部分有序,那么我们可以根据 nums[left] <= target < nums[mid],将目标值 target 限制在左半部分。否则,将目标值 target 限制在右半部分。
同样的,如果右半部分有序,那么我们可以根据 nums[mid] < target <= nums[right],将目标值 target 限制在右半部分。否则,将目标值 target 限制在左半部分。
接下来,我们只需要在限制范围内继续执行二分查找即可。如果在查找过程中始终没有找到目标值,则返回 -1。
这里使用二分查找的思想,每次取中间点 mid,并判断左半边是否有序,如果左半边有序,则判断目标值是否在左半边有序区间内,如果在,则向左搜索,否则向右搜索。如果左半边不是有序的,则右半边一定有序,判断目标值是否在右半边有序区间内,如果在,则向右搜索,否则向左搜索。最终如果没找到目标值,返回 -1。
这个算法的时间复杂度是 O(log n),空间复杂度是 O(1)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class SearchRotatedSortedArray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left <= right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[mid] == target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return mid;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[mid] >= nums[left]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (target >= nums[left] && target < nums[mid]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right = mid - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left = mid + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (target > nums[mid] && target <= nums[right]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left = mid + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right = mid - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return -1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int target = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int index = new SearchRotatedSortedArray().search(nums, target);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(index);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
7、寻找旋转排序数组中的最小值 (Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array)
题目描述:假设一个按照升序排列的数组在预先未知的某个点上进行了旋转(例如,数组[0,1,2,4,5,6,7]
可能变为[4,5,6,7,0,1,2]
)。
请找出其中最小的元素。
你可以假设数组中不存在重复元素。
示例 1:输入: [3,4,5,1,2] 输出: 1
示例 2:输入: [4,5,6,7,0,1,2] 输出: 0
提示:
- n是数组中的元素数量。
- 没有重复元素。
- 时间复杂度 O(logn)。
解题思路
旋转排序数组中的最小值可以通过二分查找的方法进行求解。具体步骤如下:
- 定义两个指针
left
和 right
,分别指向数组的首尾元素。 - 如果数组本身就是非递减的(即未发生旋转),则直接返回数组的首元素。
- 如果数组已经发生了旋转,则在数组的左半部分和右半部分之间一定存在一个旋转点,使得左半部分的元素都大于右半部分的元素。我们可以通过二分查找的方式来找到旋转点,具体步骤如下:
- 取
mid
为左右指针的中间位置。 - 判断
nums[mid]
和 nums[right]
的大小关系:
- 如果
nums[mid] > nums[right]
,说明旋转点一定在 [mid+1, right]
之间,令 left=mid+1
。 - 否则,说明旋转点一定在
[left, mid]
之间,令 right=mid
。
- 当
left == right
时,返回 nums[left]
或 nums[right]
均可,因为此时的 left
或 right
就是旋转点。
- 最终返回的就是旋转点的值,即数组中的最小值。
该算法的时间复杂度为 O(log n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MinimumInRotatedSortedArray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int findMin(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[mid] > nums[right]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left = mid + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right = mid;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return nums[left];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {3, 4, 5, 1, 2};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums3 = {11, 13, 15, 17};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new MinimumInRotatedSortedArray().findMin(nums1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new MinimumInRotatedSortedArray().findMin(nums2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new MinimumInRotatedSortedArray().findMin(nums3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
8、加一 (Plus One)
题目描述:给定一个由非负整数组成的数组,表示一个整数,将这个整数加上一。
你可以假设这个整数不包含任何前导零,除了数字0本身。
最高位数字存放在列表的首位, 数组中每个元素只存储单个数字。
你可以将你的解决方案与标准的库函数进行比较。你可以假设两个数都不包含前导零,除了数字0本身。
解题思路
最优解法是直接模拟加法运算。从数组的最后一位开始,加上1后取余,如果余数不为0,则不会进位,直接返回数组。如果余数为0,则需要进位,进位后继续向前遍历,直到不需要进位为止。
具体步骤如下:
- 从数组的最后一位开始,加上1,并计算余数remainder = (digits[i] + 1) % 10,进位carry = (digits[i] + 1) / 10。
- 将余数remainder存入当前位digits[i],如果没有进位,直接返回digits数组。
- 如果有进位,将carry加入下一位digits[i-1]中,继续向前遍历。
- 如果遍历完整个数组digits后,还有进位,就需要在digits数组最前面添加一个1。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class PlusOne {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[] plusOne(int[] digits) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (digits[i] < 9) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> digits[i]++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return digits;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> digits[i] = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] res = new int[digits.length + 1];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> res[0] = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return res;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {1, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] res1 = new PlusOne().plusOne(nums1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(res1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {9, 9, 9};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] res2 = new PlusOne().plusOne(nums2);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(res2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums3 = {0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] res3 = new PlusOne().plusOne(nums3);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(res3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
9、存在重复元素 (Contains Duplicate)
题目描述:给定一个整数数组,判断是否存在重复元素。
如果存在一值在数组中出现至少两次,函数返回 true 。 如果数组中每个元素都不相同,则返回 false 。
示例 1:输入: [1,2,3,1] 输出: true
示例 2:输入: [1,2,3,4] 输出: false
示例 3:输入: [1,1,1,3,3,4,3,2,4,2] 输出: true
解题思路
针对这道题目,有多种解法,以下是其中两种最优解法:
解法一:哈希表
- 思路:使用哈希表记录每个数字出现的次数,如果出现次数大于等于 2 次,则说明存在重复元素。
- 时间复杂度:O(n)
- 空间复杂度:O(n)
解法二:排序
- 思路:先将数组排序,再从前往后遍历,如果相邻元素相等,则说明存在重复元素。
- 时间复杂度:O(nlog n)
- 空间复杂度:O(1)
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Map;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class ContainsDuplicate {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public boolean containsDuplByMap(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Map map = Maps.newHashMap();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (map.containsKey(num)) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return true;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> map.put(num, 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public boolean containsDuplBySort(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return true;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {1, 2, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Test Case 1: Input:" + Arrays.toString(nums1)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> + ",Output:" + new ContainsDuplicate().containsDuplByMap(nums1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Test Case 2: Input:" + Arrays.toString(nums1)
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> + ",Output:" + new ContainsDuplicate().containsDuplByMap(nums2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="84"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="85"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="86"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
10、寻找数组的中心索引 (Find Pivot Index)
题目描述:给定一个整数类型的数组 nums,请编写一个能够返回数组“中心索引”的方法。
我们是这样定义数组中心索引的:数组中心索引的左侧所有元素相加的和等于右侧所有元素相加的和。
如果数组不存在中心索引,那么我们应该返回 -1。如果数组有多个中心索引,那么我们应该返回最靠近左边的那一个。
示例1:输入:nums = [1, 7, 3, 6, 5, 6] 输出:3
解释:索引3(nums[3] = 6)左侧数之和(1 + 7 + 3 = 11),右侧数之和(5 + 6 = 11),二者相等。
示例2:输入:nums = [1, 2, 3] 输出:-1
解释:数组中不存在满足此条件的中心索引。
注意:
1.nums 的长度范围为 [0, 10000]。
2.任何一个 nums[i] 将会是一个范围在 [-1000, 1000]之间的整数。
解题思路
寻找数组的中心索引可以使用前缀和的思想解决,假设数组的总和为 sum,那么只要从左往右遍历数组,依次累加左侧的元素和 leftSum,右侧的元素和 rightSum 就可以找到中心索引。
具体地,假设当前遍历到的索引为 i,如果 i 是中心索引,则满足以下条件:
-
leftSum = rightSum - nums[i],即左侧元素和等于右侧元素和减去当前元素值。
-
sum - nums[i] - leftSum = leftSum,即数组总和减去当前元素值减去左侧元素和等于左侧元素和。
根据以上条件,只需要从左往右遍历一次数组,依次计算左侧元素和,再判断是否满足上述条件即可找到中心索引。
如果遍历完整个数组都没有找到中心索引,则说明数组没有中心索引,返回 -1。
该算法的时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class FindPivotIndex {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int pivotIndex(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> sum += num;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int leftSum = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (leftSum == sum - leftSum - nums[i]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return i;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> leftSum += nums[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return -1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {1, 7, 3, 6, 5, 6};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new FindPivotIndex().pivotIndex(nums1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {1, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new FindPivotIndex().pivotIndex(nums2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums3 = {2, 1, -1};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new FindPivotIndex().pivotIndex(nums3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
11、翻转对 (Reverse Pairs)
题目描述:翻转对指的是对于数组中的两个元素 nums[i] 和 nums[j],如果 i 2*nums[j],那么就称其为一个翻转对。
给定一个数组 nums,求出该数组中的翻转对数量。
示例 1:输入: [1,3,2,3,1] 输出: 2
示例 2:输入: [2,4,3,5,1] 输出: 3
注意:
- 给定数组的长度不超过 50000。
- 输入数组中的所有数字都在 32 位整数的表示范围内。
解题思路
翻转对问题可以使用归并排序算法来解决,具体方法如下:
- 将给定数组分成左右两个部分,分别递归地求出左右两个部分的翻转对数量。
- 对于左右两个部分,按照从小到大的顺序合并起来,并统计出左右两个部分之间的翻转对数量。
- 将步骤 2 中合并后的数组返回。
整个过程中,每次递归的数组长度都会缩小一半,因此该算法的时间复杂度为 O(nlogn)。
需要注意的是,在合并两个有序数组时,可以利用归并排序的思想,用两个指针分别指向左右两个数组的开头,然后依次比较两个指针指向的元素,将较小的元素加入新的数组,并将其指针向后移动一位。如果右边的指针指向的元素小于左边的指针指向的元素,则说明右边的指针指向的元素和左边所有未加入新数组的元素都构成翻转对,因此可以将其贡献加到结果中。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class ReversePairs {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int reversePairs(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return mergeSort(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private int mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (left >= right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int count = mergeSort(nums, left, mid) + mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] cache = new int[right - left + 1];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0, p = mid + 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (i <= mid) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (p <= right && nums[i] > 2L * nums[p]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> count += p - (mid + 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (j <= right && nums[i] >= nums[j]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> cache[k++] = nums[j++];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> cache[k++] = nums[i++];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (j <= right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> cache[k++] = nums[j++];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.arraycopy(cache, 0, nums, left, right - left + 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return count;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {5, 2, 6, 1};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new ReversePairs().reversePairs(nums));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
12、只出现一次的数字 (Single Number)
题目描述:给定一个非空整数数组,其中每个元素都出现了两次,只有一个元素出现了一次。找出这个只出现一次的元素。
例如,给定数组 nums = [2,2,1],返回 1。
要求算法时间复杂度为 O(n),并且不使用额外空间。
提示:位运算符可能有用。
解题思路
常见的最优解法是使用异或运算。具体思路如下:
- 将所有数字进行异或运算,即将所有数字的二进制位逐位进行异或运算。由于异或运算满足交换律和结合律,所以异或运算可以随意交换操作数的位置,因此可以将所有相同的数字异或得到0。
- 最终得到的结果即为只出现一次的数字,因为只有这个数字没有与其他数字配对进行异或运算,所以保留了原值。
这种方法的时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
该算法利用了 XOR 的两个性质:
- 任何数和 0 做异或运算,结果仍然是原来的数。
- 任何数和其自身做异或运算,结果是 0。
因此,如果我们对所有数字进行异或运算,得到的结果即为那个只出现一次的数字。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class SingleNumber {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int singleNumber(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("nums array is illegal!");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int ans = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ans ^= num;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return ans;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {0, 1, 0, 1, 12};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new SingleNumber().singleNumber(nums));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
13、合并两个有序数组 (Merge Sorted Array)
题目描述:给你两个有序整数数组 nums1
和 nums2
,请你将 nums2
合并到 nums1
中,使 nums1
成为一个有序数组。
初始化 nums1
和 nums2
的元素数量分别为 m
和 n
。你可以假设 nums1
的空间大小等于 m + n
,这样它就有足够的空间保存来自 nums2
的元素。
示例 1:输入:nums1 = [1,2,3,0,0,0], m = 3 nums2 = [2,5,6], n = 3 输出:[1,2,2,3,5,6]
解释:通过将 nums2 合并到 nums1 中,我们得到了 [1,2,2,3,5,6] 。
示例 2:输入:nums1 = [1], m = 1 nums2 = [], n = 0 输出:[1]
提示:
nums1.length == m + n
nums2.length == n
0 <= m, n <= 200
1 <= m + n <= 200
-109 <= nums1[i], nums2[i] <= 109
解题思路
最优解法是双指针法,具体思路如下:
- 定义两个指针分别指向两个数组的末尾,一个指向 nums1 数组末尾,一个指向 nums2 数组末尾,同时定义一个指向 nums1 数组最后一个元素的指针
p1
。 - 比较指针指向的元素,将大的元素放到 nums1 数组的末尾,并将对应的指针向前移动一位。
- 当其中一个数组遍历完成后,将另一个数组中剩余的元素逐一复制到 nums1 数组的前面。
该算法的时间复杂度为 O(m+n),其中 m 和 n 分别为两个数组的长度。空间复杂度为 O(1),因为只需要常数级别的额外空间。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MergeSortArray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int p1 = m - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int p2 = n - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int p = m + n - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (p1 >= 0 && p2 >= 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums1[p1] > nums2[p2]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums1[p] = nums1[p1];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p1--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums1[p] = nums2[p2];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p2--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.arraycopy(nums2, 0, nums1, 0, p2 + 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {2, 5, 6};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int m = 3, n = 3;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MergeSortArray().merge(nums1, m, nums2, n);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums3 = {0, 0, 0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums4 = {1, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int p = 0, q = 3;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MergeSortArray().merge(nums3, p, nums4, q);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums5 = {2, 0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums6 = {1};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int r = 1, s = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MergeSortArray().merge(nums5, r, nums6, s);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums5));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
14、合并区间 (Merge Intervals)
题目描述:给出一个区间的集合,请合并所有重叠的区间。
示例 1:输入: [[1,3],[2,6],[8,10],[15,18]] 输出: [[1,6],[8,10],[15,18]]
解释: 区间 [1,3] 和 [2,6] 重叠, 将它们合并为 [1,6].
示例 2:输入: [[1,4],[4,5]] 输出: [[1,5]]
解释: 区间 [1,4] 和 [4,5] 可被视为重叠区间。
注意:输入类型已于2019年4月15日更改。 请重置默认代码定义以获取新方法签名。
解题思路
最优解法:首先,我们将区间按照左端点从小到大进行排序,然后从第二个区间开始,依次判断是否与前一个区间有重合部分,如果有,则将两个区间合并成一个新的区间,并继续判断下一个区间是否能够与新区间合并。如果没有重合部分,则将前一个区间加入结果集中,重复以上过程,直到所有区间都被遍历完毕。
这种解法的时间复杂度为 O(nlogn),其中 n 表示区间的个数。因为排序的时间复杂度为 O(nlogn),而遍历所有区间的时间复杂度也为 O(n),所以总的时间复杂度为 O(nlogn)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.ArrayList;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.List;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MergeIntervals {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[][] merge(int[][] intervals) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (intervals == null || intervals.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return new int[0][0];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(intervals, (a, b) -> a[0] - b[0]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List<int[]> merged = new ArrayList<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < intervals.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] curr = intervals[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (merged.isEmpty() || merged.get(merged.size() - 1)[1] < curr[0]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> merged.add(curr);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> merged.get(merged.size() - 1)[1] = Math.max(merged.get(merged.size() - 1)[1], curr[1]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return merged.toArray(new int[merged.size()][]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] intervals = new int[][]{{1, 3}, {2, 6}, {8, 10}, {15, 18}};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] result = new MergeIntervals().merge(intervals);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int[] interval : result) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(interval));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
15、最大子序和 (Maximum Subarray)
题目描述:经典的动态规划问题,给定一个整数数组nums,找到具有最大和的连续子数组(至少包含一个元素),返回其最大和。
例如,给定数组 nums = [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4],连续子数组 [4,-1,2,1] 的和最大,为6,因此返回6。
提示:
- 1 <= nums.length <= 3 * 10^4
- -10^5 <= nums[i] <= 10^5
解题思路
解决这个问题时,我们需要找到一个子数组,其和最大。这个子数组可以是原始数组的一个连续子数组。因此,我们可以使用动态规划来解决此问题。
假设 dp[i] 表示以第 i 个元素结尾的最大子数组和,则状态转移方程为:
dp[i] = max(dp[i-1] + nums[i], nums[i])
其中,nums[i] 表示第 i 个元素的值。也就是说,如果前 i-1 个元素的子数组和加上 nums[i] 的值大于 nums[i],那么 dp[i] 的值就为 dp[i-1] 加上 nums[i] 的值,否则 dp[i] 的值就为 nums[i]。
最终的答案为 dp 数组中的最大值。时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
另外,还有一种贪心算法,称为 Kadane 算法。该算法从左到右遍历数组,并在每个位置上计算当前的最大子数组和。时间复杂度同样为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MaximumSubarray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int maxSum = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int curSum = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> curSum += num;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, curSum);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (curSum < 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> curSum = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return maxSum;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {-2, 1, -3, 4, -1, 2, 1, -5, 4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int maxSum = new MaximumSubarray().maxSubArray(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(maxSum);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
备注1:动态规划算法思想解题步骤
动态规划是一种算法思想,它通常用来解决具有最优子结构性质的问题,即可以通过子问题的最优解来得到原问题的最优解。
具体来说,我们可以通过以下步骤来使用动态规划:
-
定义状态:找出问题中子问题的状态,并用变量或数组表示它们。比如,最大子序和问题中,我们可以用 dp[i]表示以第i个元素结尾的最大子序和。
-
定义状态转移方程:找出问题中子问题之间的转移关系,即原问题的最优解和子问题的最优解之间的关系。比如,最大子序和问题中,dp[i]的值可以由dp[i-1]和nums[i]计算得到,即 dp[i] = max(dp[i-1] + nums[i], nums[i])。
-
定义边界:找出最简单的子问题的最优解。比如,最大子序和问题中,dp[0] = nums[0]。
-
求解原问题:根据定义的状态、状态转移方程和边界条件,求出原问题的最优解。比如,最大子序和问题中,原问题的最优解就是以上分析。
16、最长连续递增序列 (Longest Continuous Increasing Subsequence)
题目描述:给定一个无序的整数数组,找到其中最长上升子序列的长度。
示例:
输入:[10,9,2,5,3,7,101,18] 输出:4 解释:最长的上升子序列是 [2,3,7,101],它的长度是 4。
输入:[0,1,0,3,2,3] 输出:4 解释:最长的上升子序列是 [0, 1, 2, 3],它的长度是 4。
说明:可能会有多种最长上升子序列的组合,只需要输出对应长度即可。
解题思路
最长递增子序列的最优解法是动态规划。时间复杂度为 O(n^2) 或 O(nlogn),空间复杂度为 O(n)。其中 O(nlogn) 的解法称为 patience sorting,不过它的实现比较复杂,这里我们只介绍 O(n^2) 的解法。
具体思路如下:
-
定义状态:用 dp[i] 表示以 nums[i] 结尾的最长递增子序列的长度。
-
定义状态转移方程:枚举 nums[j],如果 nums[j] < nums[i],则 dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1)。
-
状态初始化:dp[i] 初始值为 1,因为任意一个元素都可以看做长度为 1 的递增子序列。
-
状态输出:最终的结果应该是 dp 数组中的最大值。
具体来说,可以定义一个数组 dp
,其中 dp[i]
表示以 nums[i]
为结尾的最长递增子序列的长度。然后我们从左到右遍历数组,对于每个位置 i
,我们通过比较 nums[i]
和之前的每个数字 nums[j]
来更新 dp[i]
,具体来说,如果 nums[i]
大于 nums[j]
,那么 dp[i]
可以更新为 dp[j]+1
,表示在以 nums[j]
为结尾的最长递增子序列后面再加上一个 nums[i]
。因此,我们可以得到如下的状态转移方程:
- dp[i] = max(dp[j] + 1) (0 <= j < i, nums[j] < nums[i])
最终,我们遍历一遍整个数组,找到 dp
中的最大值即为所求。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class LongestContinuousIncreasingSubsequence {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int lengthOfLIS(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] dp = new int[nums.length];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int maxLen = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> dp[i] = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[j] < nums[i]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> maxLen = Math.max(maxLen, dp[i]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return maxLen;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {10, 9, 2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int res = new LongestContinuousIncreasingSubsequence().lengthOfLIS(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(res);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
17、最长公共前缀 (Longest Common Prefix)题目描述:
题目描述:编写一个函数来查找字符串数组中的最长公共前缀。
如果不存在公共前缀,返回空字符串 ""。
示例 1:输入: ["flower","flow","flight"] 输出: "fl"
示例 2:输入: ["dog","racecar","car"] 输出: "" 解释: 输入不存在公共前缀。
说明:
所有输入只包含小写字母 a-z 。
解题思路
可以结合分治法的思想来求解最长公共前缀。
分治法的基本思路是将问题分解为更小的子问题,然后将子问题的结果合并以得到原始问题的解。对于最长公共前缀问题,可以将字符串数组划分为两个子数组,分别求解每个子数组的最长公共前缀,然后将两个子问题的解合并,得到原始问题的解。
这种分治法的时间复杂度也是O(m*n),其中m是字符串数组中字符串的平均长度,n是字符串数组的长度。
需要注意的是,对于最长公共前缀问题,没有明确的最优解法,而是根据具体情况和数据特点来选择适合的算法。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class LongestCommonPrefix {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return "";
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return longestCommonPrefix(strs, 0, strs.length - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs, int left, int right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (left == right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return strs[left];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int mid = (left + right) / 2;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> String leftPrefix = longestCommonPrefix(strs, left, mid);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> String rightPrefix = longestCommonPrefix(strs, mid + 1, right);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return commonPrefix(leftPrefix, rightPrefix);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private String commonPrefix(String str1, String str2) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int length = Math.min(str1.length(), str2.length());
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int i = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (i < length && str1.charAt(i) == str2.charAt(i)) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> i++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return str1.substring(0, i);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> String[] strs1 = {"flower", "flow", "flight"};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new LongestCommonPrefix().longestCommonPrefix(strs1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> String[] strs2 = {"dog", "racecar", "car"};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new LongestCommonPrefix().longestCommonPrefix(strs2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> String[] strs3 = {"dofggxcfd", "dofggxcfdracecar", "dofggxcfdcar"};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(new LongestCommonPrefix().longestCommonPrefix(strs3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
18、移除元素 (Remove Element)
题目描述:给你一个数组 nums 和一个值 val,你需要原地移除所有数值等于 val 的元素,并返回移除后数组的新长度。
不要使用额外的数组空间,你必须仅使用 O(1) 额外空间并原地修改输入数组。
元素的顺序可以改变。你不需要考虑数组中超出新长度后面的元素。
例如: 给定 nums = [3,2,2,3], val = 3,
函数应该返回新的长度 2, 并且 nums 中的前两个元素均为 2。
说明: 注意这五个细节:
- 不要考虑数组超出新长度后面的元素;
- 数组长度可为 0;
- 从前往后遍历数组;
- 当遇到元素值等于 val 时,将当前元素与最后一个元素进行交换,并将数组长度减 1;
- 交换后继续比较当前元素,直到当前元素不等于 val。
需要注意的是,这个问题和「27. 移除元素」的主要区别是:数据范围从给定数组的长度扩展到了 10^4。
解题思路
移除元素 (Remove Element)的最优解法是双指针法。
“双指针”技巧包括使用两个指针,分别从数组的两端开始遍历,直到它们相遇为止。在这种情况下,我们可以将一个指针用于遍历数组,并将另一个指针用于指向新数组中的最后一个元素。
在本问题中,我们需要移除等于给定值的元素。因此,我们可以使用两个指针i和j,其中i是慢指针,而j是快指针。当nums[j]等于给定值时,我们递增j以跳过此元素。当nums[j]不等于给定值时,我们将nums[j]复制到nums[i],然后递增i以继续遍历。
具体步骤如下:
-
初始化两个指针i和j,其中i指向数组的开头,而j指向数组的结尾。
-
循环遍历数组nums,直到i和j相遇为止。
-
如果nums[i]等于给定值,那么我们就将nums[i]覆盖为nums[j],然后递增j。
-
如果nums[i]不等于给定值,那么我们就递增i以继续遍历。
-
返回新数组的长度,即为i的值。
通过上述步骤,我们可以实现对数组的原地修改,并返回新数组的长度。
值得注意的是,这种方法不会删除等于给定值的元素,而是将它们移到数组的末尾。如果我们需要完全删除所有等于给定值的元素,我们可以在每次将nums[i]覆盖为nums[j]时,将nums[j]复制到nums[i]。这样做会将数组的顺序改变,但可以将所有等于给定值的元素完全删除。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class RemoveElement {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static int removeElement(int[] nums, int val) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int i = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int j = 0; j < nums.length; j++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[j] != val) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[i] = nums[j];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> i++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return i;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {3, 2, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int val = 3;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int len = removeElement(nums, val);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("New length: " + len);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.print("New array: ");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.print(nums[i] + " ");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
19、除自身以外数组的乘积 (Product of Array Except Self)
题目描述:给定长度为 n
的整数数组 nums
,其中 n > 1
,返回输出数组 output
,其中 output[i]
等于 nums
中除 nums[i]
之外其余各元素的乘积。
例如,输入数组为 [1,2,3,4]
,输出数组应该为 [24,12,8,6]
。
要求时间复杂度为 $O(n)$,并且不能使用除法。
提示:本题解法较多,请至少尝试完成两种不同的解法。
解题思路
最优解法是使用前缀积和后缀积的方法,时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)。
具体步骤如下:
- 遍历一次数组,计算出每个元素左侧所有元素的乘积,存入结果数组中。
- 遍历一次数组,计算出每个元素右侧所有元素的乘积,和步骤 1 结果数组相乘,得到最终结果数组。
这里使用两个变量 left 和 right,分别表示每个元素左侧和右侧所有元素的乘积。初始值都为 1。在遍历时,先更新结果数组中的左侧乘积,然后再从右向左遍历更新右侧乘积,并将结果数组对应位置的值乘以右侧乘积即可。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class XXArrayExceptSelf {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int[] productExceptSelf(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = nums.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] ans = new int[n];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ans[0] = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ans[i] = ans[i - 1] * nums[i - 1];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int suffixProduct = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ans[i] *= suffixProduct;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> suffixProduct *= nums[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return ans;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {1, 2, 3, 4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] result = new XXArrayExceptSelf().productExceptSelf(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
20、颜色分类 (Sort Colors)
题目描述:给定一个包含红、白、蓝且长度为 n 的数组,将数组元素进行分类使得相同颜色的元素相邻,并按照红、白、蓝的顺序进行排序。我们可以使用整数 0,1 和 2 分别代表红,白,蓝。
注意: 不能使用代码库中的排序函数来解决这个问题。
示例: 输入: [2,0,2,1,1,0] 输出: [0,0,1,1,2,2]
进阶:
- 一个直观的解决方案是使用计数排序的两趟扫描算法。 首先,迭代计算出 0、1 和 2 元素的个数,然后按照 0、1、2 的排序,重写当前数组。
- 你能想出一个仅使用常数空间的一趟扫描算法吗?
解题思路
当我们遇到一个红色(0)时,我们将其交换到数组的左侧,遇到一个蓝色(2)时,我们将其交换到数组的右侧。这样,白色(1)将被自动排序到数组的中间。
我们用三个指针来维护这个过程,分别是 left
、right
、current
,其中 left
指向当前已经排序好的最右侧的红色(0)的下一个位置,right
指向当前已经排序好的最左侧的蓝色(2)的前一个位置,current
从左往右扫描整个数组,如果扫描到的值是 0,则交换到最左侧,如果是 2,则交换到最右侧,否则不做任何操作,left
和 current
向右移动一位,right
向左移动一位。当 current
和 right
相遇时,排序完成。
这种方法可以在只扫描一次数组的情况下完成排序,时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(1),是一种非常高效的排序方法。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class SortColors {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = nums.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int p0 = 0, p2 = n - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i <= p2; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nums[i] == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> swap(nums, i, p0);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p0++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (nums[i] == 2) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> swap(nums, i, p2);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> p2--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> i--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int temp = nums[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[i] = nums[j];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[j] = temp;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums1 = {2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new SortColors().sortColors(nums1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums1));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums2 = {2, 0, 1};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new SortColors().sortColors(nums2);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums3 = {0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new SortColors().sortColors(nums3);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums3));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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21、数组区间段加和
题目描述:给定一个整数数组 nums 和两个整数 start、end,计算数组 nums 在下标范围 [start, end] 内的元素之和。
要求:预处理的时间复杂度为 O(n),其中 n 是数组 nums 的长度。计算区间段的和的时间复杂度为 O(1)。
解题思路
为了尽量保证时间复杂度低,可以使用预处理的方式来快速计算区间段的和。具体步骤如下:
- 创建一个辅助数组 prefixSum,用于保存数组 nums 的前缀和。prefixSum[i] 表示从数组开始位置到下标 i 的元素之和。
- 预处理数组 prefixSum,计算每个位置的前缀和。遍历数组 nums,并累加每个元素到当前位置的前缀和。
- 计算区间段的和。根据前缀和数组 prefixSum,区间 [start, end] 的元素之和可以通过 prefixSum[end] - prefixSum[start-1] 来计算。需要注意的是,如果 start 为 0,则前缀和数组中的元素 prefixSum[start-1] 不存在,此时可以忽略该项。
通过上述预处理的方式,可以在常数时间复杂度内计算区间段的和。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class IntervalSum {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private int[] prefixSum;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public IntervalSum(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> prefixSum = new int[nums.length];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> prefixSum[0] = nums[0];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> prefixSum[i] = prefixSum[i - 1] + nums[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int getSum(int start, int end) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (start == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return prefixSum[end];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return prefixSum[end] - prefixSum[start - 1];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> IntervalSum intervalSum = new IntervalSum(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = intervalSum.getSum(1, 4);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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22、二维矩阵的第K大数
题目描述:给定一个二维矩阵 matrix,其中每一行和每一列都按非递减顺序排列,同时给定一个整数 k,求矩阵中第 k 大的数。
解题思路
一种常见的解法是使用最小堆(Min Heap)来解决该问题。具体步骤如下:
- 创建一个大小为 k 的最小堆 minHeap。
- 遍历二维矩阵 matrix 的每个元素,将元素加入最小堆 minHeap 中。
- 如果最小堆 minHeap 的大小超过了 k,则将堆顶元素(即当前最小的元素)移除,保持堆的大小为 k。
- 遍历完所有元素后,最小堆 minHeap 中的堆顶元素即为第 k 大的数。
通过上述步骤,我们可以找到二维矩阵中第 k 大的数。该算法的时间复杂度为 O(mnlog(k)),其中 m 和 n 分别是矩阵的行数和列数。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.PriorityQueue;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class KthLargestElement {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int findKthLargest(int[][] matrix, int k) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int m = matrix.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = matrix[0].length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> PriorityQueue minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minHeap.offer(matrix[i][j]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (minHeap.size() > k) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minHeap.poll();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return minHeap.peek();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] matrix = {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {1, 3, 5},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {2, 4, 7},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {6, 8, 9}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> };
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int k = 5;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> KthLargestElement kthLargest = new KthLargestElement();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int kthLargestElement = kthLargest.findKthLargest(matrix, k);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Kth Largest Element: " + kthLargestElement);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
23、升序数组的两数之和
题目描述:给定一个升序数组 arr 和一个整数 sum,判断该数组中是否存在两个数,它们的和等于 sum。
解题思路
由于数组是升序排列的,我们可以使用双指针的方法来解决该问题。具体步骤如下:
1. 初始化两个指针 left 和 right,分别指向数组的起始位置和结束位置。
2. 循环遍历数组,直到 left 大于等于 right:
• 计算当前指针所指元素的和 currSum = arr[left] + arr[right]。
• 如果 currSum 等于 sum,则说明找到了满足条件的两个数,返回 true。
• 如果 currSum 小于 sum,说明当前和太小,我们需要增大和,将 left 指针右移一位。
• 如果 currSum 大于 sum,说明当前和太大,我们需要减小和,将 right 指针左移一位。
3. 如果循环结束后仍未找到满足条件的两个数,则说明数组中不存在这样的两个数,返回 false。
通过上述步骤,我们可以判断数组中是否存在两个数的和等于给定的 sum。该算法的时间复杂度为 O(n),其中 n 是数组的长度。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class FindTwoSum {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public boolean findTwoSum(int[] arr, int sum) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int right = arr.length - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (left < right) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int currSum = arr[left] + arr[right];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (currSum == sum) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return true;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (currSum < sum) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] arr = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = 10;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> FindTwoSum solution = new FindTwoSum();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> boolean hasTwoSum = solution.findTwoSum(arr, sum);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Has Two Sum: " + hasTwoSum);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
24、二维数组找到某个数
题目描述:给定一个行递增、列递增的二维数组(矩阵),判断是否可以找到某个数。
解题思路
由于二维数组的行和列都是递增的,我们可以利用这个特性进行查找。可以从矩阵的右上角开始,逐行递减或逐列递增地查找,直到找到目标数或者越界。
具体步骤如下:
- 初始化指针,将指针定位到矩阵的右上角(或者左下角)。
- 如果指针所指向的元素等于目标数,返回 true。
- 如果指针所指向的元素大于目标数,则说明目标数在当前元素的左边,将指针左移一列。
- 如果指针所指向的元素小于目标数,则说明目标数在当前元素的下方,将指针下移一行。
- 重复步骤 2~4,直到找到目标数或者越界。
- 如果遍历完整个矩阵仍未找到目标数,返回 false。
通过按行递增和按列递增的特性,每次移动指针都可以排除一行或一列的元素,从而快速缩小搜索范围,使得时间复杂度较低。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class FindNumberInMatrix {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static boolean findNumber(int[][] matrix, int target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (matrix == null || matrix.length == 0 || matrix[0].length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int rows = matrix.length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int cols = matrix[0].length;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int row = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int col = cols - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (row < rows && col >= 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (matrix[row][col] == target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return true;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (matrix[row][col] > target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> col--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> row++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return false;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] matrix = {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {1, 2, 3},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {4, 5, 6},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {7, 8, 9}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> };
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int target = 5;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> boolean found = findNumber(matrix, target);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("Number " + target + " found: " + found);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
25、给定数组中寻找和大于等于给定值的最短子数组长度
题目描述:在给定数组中寻找和大于等于给定值的最短子数组的长度
解题思路
这个问题可以通过使用双指针的方法来解决。我们可以使用两个指针,分别表示子数组的起始位置和结束位置。
- 首先,将起始指针和结束指针都初始化为数组的第一个元素的索引,然后将它们都向右移动,直到子数组的和大于等于目标值,或者结束指针达到数组的末尾。
- 一旦子数组的和大于等于目标值,我们记录当前子数组的长度,并尝试将起始指针向右移动,以看是否可以找到更短的子数组,同时更新最短子数组的长度。
- 然后,我们继续将结束指针向右移动,再次检查子数组的和是否大于等于目标值。如果是,我们再次尝试将起始指针向右移动,并更新最短子数组的长度。
- 我们重复以上步骤,直到结束指针达到数组的末尾。
- 最后,我们得到的最短子数组的长度就是我们要找的结果。
这种方法的时间复杂度是 O(n),其中 n 是数组的长度。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class ShortestSubarray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static int findShortestSubarray(int[] nums, int target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int left = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int minLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int sum = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int right = 0; right < nums.length; right++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> sum += nums[right];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (sum >= target) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minLen = Math.min(minLen, right - left + 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> sum -= nums[left];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return minLen != Integer.MAX_VALUE ? minLen : 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int target = 7;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int result = findShortestSubarray(nums, target);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("最短子数组的长度是:" + result);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
26、数组的全排列
题目描述:给定一个数组,要求返回这个数组的所有可能的全排列。
全排列是一种将数组中的元素重新排列的方式,使得每个元素在排列结果中都出现一次,并且顺序不同即可。换句话说,对于长度为 n 的数组,全排列共有 n! 种可能。
例如,对于数组 [1, 2, 3],它的全排列包括 [1, 2, 3]、[1, 3, 2]、[2, 1, 3]、[2, 3, 1]、[3, 1, 2] 和 [3, 2, 1]
解题思路
该问题的最优解题思路是使用回溯算法来生成全排列。
回溯算法是一种通过尝试不同的选择来解决问题的算法。在生成全排列的过程中,我们可以通过交换数组中的元素来产生不同的排列。
具体步骤如下:
- 定义一个递归函数 backtrack,该函数接收当前要生成排列的位置 index、原始数组 nums、当前已生成的排列 tempList,以及最终的结果列表 result。
- 如果当前位置 index 等于数组的长度,表示已经生成了一个全排列,将 tempList 添加到 result 中。
- 否则,从当前位置 index 开始,遍历数组 nums。将当前位置的元素与 index 位置的元素交换,相当于固定了一个元素,然后递归调用 backtrack,继续生成下一个位置的排列。
- 递归调用结束后,要恢复交换前的状态,以便进行下一轮的遍历。将当前位置的元素与 index 位置的元素交换回来。
- 回溯过程结束后,返回最终的结果列表 result。
这种方法的时间复杂度是 O(n!),其中 n 是数组的长度。因为全排列的数量是 n!,而生成每个全排列的时间复杂度是 O(n)。因此,整体的时间复杂度是 O(n!)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.ArrayList;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.List;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class Permutations {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static List
> permute(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List
> result = new ArrayList<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> backtrack(nums, 0, result);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return result;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private static void backtrack(int[] nums, int index, List
> result)
{ - class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (index == nums.length) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List tempList = new ArrayList<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> tempList.add(num);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> result.add(tempList);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = index; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> swap(nums, i, index);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> backtrack(nums, index + 1, result);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> swap(nums, i, index);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int temp = nums[i];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[i] = nums[j];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> nums[j] = temp;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {1, 2, 3, 6};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List
> permutations = permute(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (List permutation : permutations) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(permutation);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
27、多数元素(Majority Element)
题目描述:给定一个大小为 n 的数组,找到其中的多数元素。多数元素指在数组中出现次数大于 ⌊n/2⌋ 的元素。
你可以假设数组是非空的,并且给定的数组总是存在多数元素。
示例 1:输入: [3,2,3]. 输出: 3
示例 2:输入: [2,2,1,1,1,2,2]. 输出: 2
解题思路
摩尔投票法:该算法基于一个事实,即在一个数组中,若某个元素出现次数大于数组长度的一半,则该元素必定存在。
算法步骤如下:
- 设置一个候选众数 candidate 和一个计数器 count,初始值分别为任意值和 0。
- 遍历数组 nums 中的每个元素,如果计数器 count 为 0,则将当前元素设置为候选众数 candidate,并将计数器 count 设置为 1;否则,如果当前元素等于候选众数 candidate,则将计数器 count 加 1,否则将计数器 count 减 1。
- 遍历完数组后,candidate 即为众数。
算法分析:
- 时间复杂度:O(n),其中 n 为数组的长度。遍历一遍数组即可找到众数。
- 空间复杂度:O(1),使用常数空间。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.hash;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MajorityElement {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static int findMajorityElement(int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int candidate = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int count = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (count == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> candidate = num;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> count = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (num == candidate) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> count++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> count--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int countCandidate = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (num == candidate) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> countCandidate++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return countCandidate > nums.length / 2 ? candidate : -1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] nums = {3, 3, 3, 2, 5};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int result = new MajorityElement().findMajorityElement(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(result);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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28、从1开始顺时针螺旋填充矩阵
题目描述:给定一个正整数n,要求构造一个n x n的矩阵,并按照从1开始顺时针螺旋填充矩阵。
例如,当n=3时,构造的螺旋矩阵如下:
1 2 3
8 9 4
7 6 5
解题思路
为了解决这个问题,可以使用模拟方法。从矩阵的左上角开始,按照顺时针方向依次填充数字,同时注意矩阵边界的处理。通常可以使用四个变量来表示矩阵的上下左右边界,然后按照螺旋的顺序不断填充数字。
螺旋填充矩阵问题可以使用模拟的方法来解决。最优解法的时间复杂度为O(n^2),其中n是矩阵的边长。
具体的最优解法步骤如下:
- 初始化一个n x n的矩阵,并用一个变量num来表示当前要填充的数字,初始值为1。
- 设置四个变量top、bottom、left和right来表示当前填充的边界范围。初始时,top=0,bottom=n-1,left=0,right=n-1。
- 进行循环,从左到右、从上到下、从右到左、从下到上四个方向依次填充数字,直到所有的位置都填充完毕。在每个方向上,每填充一个数字,num增加1。
- 每填充完一个方向后,需要更新边界范围:对于从左到右和从右到左的方向,更新top和bottom;对于从上到下和从下到上的方向,更新left和right。
- 继续下一个方向的填充,直到所有位置都填充完毕。
最优解法的关键点在于通过四个边界变量来控制填充的方向和范围,这样可以在一个循环内完成所有位置的填充。因为每个位置只被填充一次,所以时间复杂度为O(n^2)。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class SpiralMatrix {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static int[][] generateMatrix(int n) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] matrix = new int[n][n];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int num = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int top = 0, bottom = n - 1, left = 0, right = n - 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (num <= n * n) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> matrix[top][i] = num++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> top++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = top; i <= bottom; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> matrix[i][right] = num++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> right--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = right; i >= left; i--) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> matrix[bottom][i] = num++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> bottom--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = bottom; i >= top; i--) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> matrix[i][left] = num++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> left++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return matrix;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n = 4;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] result = generateMatrix(n);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.print(result[i][j] + " ");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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29、26个字母按照顺时针螺旋填充矩阵
题目描述:要求将26个字母按照顺时针螺旋填充到一个5x5的矩阵中。请见下方的矩阵:
A B C D E
V W X Y F
U T S R G
T R Q P H
S Q P O N
其中,字母按照字母表的顺序从A开始,依次填充到矩阵中,直到Z。
解题思路
对于将26个字母按照顺时针螺旋填充到一个5x5的矩阵中,最优解法是按照以下步骤进行:
- 初始化一个5x5的空矩阵,并设定一个指针,初始位置在矩阵的左上角(0,0)。
- 遍历字母表中的每个字母,从A到Z。
- 将当前字母填充到指针所指向的位置,并将指针向前移动一步。
- 检查指针移动后的位置是否已经填充过字母或者是否越界。如果是,则按照顺时针方向旋转指针,并重新移动。
- 重复步骤3和步骤4,直到所有字母都被填充到矩阵中。
这样,按照最优解法,可以得到一个符合题目要求的5x5矩阵,其中字母按照字母表的顺序从A开始,依次填充到Z。由于5x5的矩阵有限,只有25个位置,所以最后一个字母Z会填充在矩阵的最后一个可用位置。
需要注意的是,最优解法需要仔细处理边界条件和指针的移动,确保每个字母都被正确地填充到矩阵中,而且不会出现死循环或者遗漏字母的情况。
具体代码展示
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class SpiralFillAlphabet {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static char[][] fillSpiralMatrix() {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> char[][] matrix = new char[5][5];
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> char currentLetter = 'A';
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int row = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int col = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int rowDirection = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int colDirection = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> matrix[row][col] = currentLetter;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> currentLetter++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int nextRow = row + rowDirection;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int nextCol = col + colDirection;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (nextRow < 0 || nextRow >= 5 || nextCol < 0 || nextCol >= 5 || matrix[nextRow][nextCol] != 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (rowDirection == 0 && colDirection == 1) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> rowDirection = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> colDirection = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (rowDirection == 1 && colDirection == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> rowDirection = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> colDirection = -1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (rowDirection == 0 && colDirection == -1) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> rowDirection = -1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> colDirection = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else if (rowDirection == -1 && colDirection == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> rowDirection = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> colDirection = 1;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> row += rowDirection;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> col += colDirection;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return matrix;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> char[][] matrix = fillSpiralMatrix();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> printMatrix(matrix);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void printMatrix(char[][] matrix) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(matrix[i]));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
30、找到数组 A 元素组成的小于 n 的最大整数
题目描述:给定一个正整数 n 和一个由正整数组成的数组 A,您需要找到由数组 A 中的元素(可以重复使用数组 A 中的元素)组成的最大整数,该整数小于 n。要求编写一个函数来实现这个逻辑。
例如,如果 n 为 23121,数组 A 为 [2, 4, 9],您需要找到一个由数组 A 中的元素组成的最大整数,该整数小于 23121。在这种情况下,可能的结果是 22999。
解题思路
题目要求从给定的正整数数组中组合出一个小于等于n的最大整数。因为数组中的元素可以重复使用,所以可以使用回溯算法来解决。
具体思路如下:
-
对数组进行排序,方便后续的遍历。
-
使用深度优先遍历,从数组的第一个元素开始,依次选取每个元素,将其添加到遍历路径中。
-
当遍历路径的长度等于目标值n的长度时,判断当前路径是否小于等于n,如果是则更新结果集。
-
如果当前路径已经大于n,则回溯到上一个节点,继续遍历。
-
回溯时,需要将最后添加的元素从遍历路径中删除。
-
如果回溯结束后仍然没有找到小于等于n的最大整数,则取数组中的最大数,组成一个长度等于len(n) - 1的值返回。
时间复杂度:O(n!),因为需要遍历所有可能的组合。
空间复杂度:O(n),因为需要使用一个StringBuilder来记录遍历路径。
具体代码展示验证
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MaxNumberWithArray {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private int res = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private int getCombineMax(int n, int[] nums) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> StringBuilder path = new StringBuilder();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(nums);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> backtrace(n, nums, 0, path);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (res == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int count = String.valueOf(n).length();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (count > 1) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> sb.append(nums[nums.length - 1]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> count--;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> res = Integer.parseInt(sb.toString());
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.printf("当你为某个数n=%d,对应数组是%s,此时输出的最大值为%d\n",
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> n, Arrays.toString(nums), res);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return res;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> private void backtrace(int n, int[] nums, int start, StringBuilder path) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (path.length() == String.valueOf(n).length()) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (Integer.parseInt(path.toString()) <= n) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> res = Math.max(res, Integer.parseInt(path.toString()));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(path.toString()) && Integer.parseInt(path.toString()) > n) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = start; i < nums.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> path.append(nums[i]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> backtrace(n, nums, i, path);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="84"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> path.deleteCharAt(path.length() - 1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="85"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="86"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="87"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="88"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="89"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n1 = 23131;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="90"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A1 = {2, 4, 9};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="91"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n1, A1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="92"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="93"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n2 = 12121;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="94"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A2 = {2, 4, 9};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="95"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n2, A2);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="96"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="97"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n3 = 93456;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="98"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A3 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="99"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n3, A3);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="100"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="101"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n4 = 12345;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="102"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A4 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="103"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n4, A4);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="104"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="105"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n5 = 2345646;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="106"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A5 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="107"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n5, A5);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="108"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="109"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n6 = 1122334;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="110"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A6 = {0, 1, 2};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="111"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n6, A6);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="112"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="113"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n7 = 12345;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="114"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A7 = {0, 1};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="115"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n7, A7);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="116"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="117"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int n8 = 12345;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="118"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] A8 = {0};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="119"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> new MaxNumberWithArray().getCombineMax(n8, A8);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="120"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="121"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="122"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="123"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
31.合并N个有序数组
题目描述:给定 N
个已经排好序的整数数组,请将这 N
个数组合并为一个新的有序数组,并返回该新数组。
- 你需要设计一个高效的算法来完成合并操作,确保新数组中的元素仍然按非降序排列。
- 要求算法的时间复杂度尽可能低。
输入格式:
- 输入为一个包含
N
个有序整数数组的二维数组 arrays
,其中每个子数组代表一个排好序的整数数组。 - 每个数组的长度可能不同。
输出格式:
- 返回一个新的
List
,该列表包含所有输入数组中的元素,并且按照非降序排列。
解题思路
要有效地合并 N
个有序数组,可以使用最小堆(也称为优先队列)来实现:
-
最小堆的使用:最小堆的特点是堆顶元素始终是当前堆中的最小元素。利用这一特性,我们可以将每个有序数组的第一个元素放入最小堆中,然后通过不断取出堆顶元素并将其下一个元素加入堆中的方式,实现对 N
个有序数组的合并。
-
步骤:
初始化最小堆:将 N
个有序数组的第一个元素连同该元素所属的数组和在数组中的位置一起放入最小堆中。逐步合并:如果该元素所属的数组中还有后续元素,则将后续元素加入堆中。取出最小堆的堆顶元素(当前最小的元素),将其添加到结果数组中。重复上述步骤,直到最小堆为空为止,此时所有元素已经合并到结果数组中。
时间复杂度分析:
- 初始时,将
N
个元素加入堆的时间复杂度是 O(N)
。 - 接下来,我们需要对每个元素进行
log(N)
次的堆调整操作,总共有 K
个元素需要合并,K
是所有数组中元素的总数,因此总体时间复杂度为 O(K * log(N))
。 - 这个时间复杂度相比于直接合并和排序的
O(K * log(K))
要更优,尤其是在 N
远小于 K
的情况下。
具体代码展示验证
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.hot100;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.ArrayList;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.List;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.PriorityQueue;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MergeKSortedArrays {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> static class ArrayEntry implements Comparable {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int value;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int arrayIndex;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int elementIndex;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public ArrayEntry(int value, int arrayIndex, int elementIndex) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> this.value = value;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> this.arrayIndex = arrayIndex;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> this.elementIndex = elementIndex;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> @Override
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public int compareTo(ArrayEntry other) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return Integer.compare(this.value, other.value);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static List mergeKSortedArrays(int[][] arrays) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> PriorityQueue minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List result = new ArrayList<>();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (arrays[i].length > 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minHeap.offer(new ArrayEntry(arrays[i][0], i, 0));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (!minHeap.isEmpty()) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ArrayEntry current = minHeap.poll();
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> result.add(current.value);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (current.elementIndex + 1 < arrays[current.arrayIndex].length) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minHeap.offer(new ArrayEntry(
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> arrays[current.arrayIndex][current.elementIndex + 1],
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> current.arrayIndex,
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> current.elementIndex + 1
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return result;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[][] arrays = {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {1, 4, 7},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {2, 5, 8},
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> {3, 6, 9}
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> };
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> List result = mergeKSortedArrays(arrays);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> for (int num : result) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.print(num + " ");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="84"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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32、数组差值最小值
题目描述:给定两个整形数组,各自取出一个元素,求这两个元素的差值绝对值的最小值。
解题思路
为了找出两个数组中差值最小的元素对,最直接的方式是通过暴力枚举,即尝试每个数组中每一个元素的组合,计算出所有可能组合的差值绝对值,然后返回最小值。然而,暴力枚举的时间复杂度为 O(n * m)
(n 和 m 分别是两个数组的长度),在数组较大的情况下效率不高。
为了提高效率,可以利用排序 + 双指针的方式来解决问题。通过排序,两个数组中的相邻元素差值通常较小,这样就可以更快地找到差值最小的组合。
详细步骤:
- 数组排序:首先对两个数组进行排序。排序后,两个数组中相邻的元素(最小差值的元素对)将更容易被找到,因为排序后的数组是单调递增的。
- 双指针法:定义两个指针分别指向两个排序后的数组的第一个元素,然后:比较当前两个指针对应元素的差值,更新最小差值;移动较小元素对应的指针(因为较小元素距离更大的元素有更大的潜力减小差值);不断重复此过程,直到其中一个数组被遍历完。
- 提前返回:如果找到的差值是
0
,则直接返回,因为这是最小的可能值。
复杂度分析:
- 时间复杂度:
- 排序两个数组的时间复杂度为
O(nlogn + mlogm)
,其中 n
和 m
分别是两个数组的长度。 - 双指针遍历两个数组的时间复杂度为
O(n + m)
,因为每次指针移动都会处理一个元素。 - 因此,总的时间复杂度为
O(nlogn + mlogm)
。
- 空间复杂度:
- 只需要常数级别的额外空间(用于指针和变量),因此空间复杂度为
O(1)
。
具体代码展示验证
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">package org.zyf.javabasic.letcode.array;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import java.util.Arrays;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">public class MinAbsDifference {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static int findMinAbsDifference(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (arr1 == null || arr2 == null || arr1.length == 0 || arr2.length == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> throw new IllegalArgumentException("输入数组不能为空");
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(arr1);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> Arrays.sort(arr2);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int i = 0, j = 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int minDiff = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> while (i < arr1.length && j < arr2.length) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int diff = Math.abs(arr1[i] - arr2[j]);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> minDiff = Math.min(minDiff, diff);
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (minDiff == 0) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return 0;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> i++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> } else {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> j++;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return minDiff;
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> public static void main(String[] args) {
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] arr1 = {1, 3, 15, 11, 2};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> int[] arr2 = {23, 127, 235, 19, 8};
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> System.out.println("最小绝对差值: " + findMinAbsDifference(arr1, arr2));
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
- class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
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