今天发现斯普林格的模板默认是author-year引用，原文如下

%% For Springer medical, life sciences, chemistry, geology, engineering and %%
%% computer science publications. %%
%% For use with the natbib package (see below). Default is author-year citations. %%
%% When citations are numbered, please use \usepackage[numbers]{natbib}. %%
%% A lack of punctuation is the key feature. Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15 %%
%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth

一般的期刊都是numbers引用，按照它说明的在导言区加入\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}.即可

找了半天，这货原来在spbasic.bst中，略坑！

补充：这个是按照首字母出现顺序排序，若是想按照引用次序排序，则需要以下操作：

You need to create and use a modified version of the spbasic bibliography style.

Find the file spbasic.bst on your computer. Create a copy of this file and call the copy, say, spbasic_unsort.bst.

Open the file spbasic_unsort.bst in a text editor.

Find the two lines that start with SORT (note: uppercase is important), and comment out -- or simply delete -- both of these lines.

Save the file spbasic_unsort.bst either in the directory that contains your main tex file or in a directory that's searched by your tex distribution. If you choose the latter method, be sure to also update the filename database of your TeX distribution.

In your main tex file, change the instruction \bibliographystyle{spbasic} to \bibliographystyle{spbasic_unsort}. Then, rerun LaTeX, BibTeX, and LaTeX twice more to fully propagate all changes.