鸿蒙HarmonyOS实战-Stage模型（信息传递载体Want）

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前言

应用中的信息传递是为了实现各种功能和交互。信息传递可以帮助用户和应用之间进行有效的沟通和交流。通过信息传递，应用可以向用户传递重要的消息、通知和提示，以提供及时的反馈和指导。同时，用户也可以通过信息传递向应用发送指令、请求和反馈，以实现个性化的需求和操作。

信息传递还可以帮助应用之间实现数据的共享和交互。通过信息传递，不同应用可以实现数据的互通，以实现更多的功能和服务。例如，一个购物应用可以通过信息传递与支付应用进行数据交互，以实现支付功能；一个社交媒体应用可以通过信息传递与地图应用进行数据交互，以实现位置分享功能。

此外，信息传递还可以帮助应用之间实现联动和协作。通过信息传递，应用可以实现多个功能的组合和协同，以提供更加丰富和综合的服务。例如，一个音乐应用可以与闹钟应用进行信息传递，以实现在特定时间播放特定的音乐。

一、信息传递载体Want

1.Want概述

🦋1.1 Want的定义与用途

HarmonyOS中的"Want"是一个用于定义和控制应用程序之间通信的基本概念。它可以用来描述一个应用程序对某个特定操作的需求或意愿，比如获取某个设备的位置信息、访问某个传感器的数据等。

使用"Want"可以实现应用程序之间的无缝协作和互操作。通过定义和使用"Wants"，应用程序可以根据自身的需求发送请求，并且可以接收和处理其他应用程序发送的请求。这种机制能够促进应用程序之间的交互和共享，并且使得整个系统更加智能和高效。

"Wants"的使用可以带来许多好处。首先，它可以简化应用程序之间的通信和协作，减少开发人员的工作量。其次，它可以增强系统的灵活性和可扩展性，使得应用程序能够动态地适应不同的环境和设备。最后，它可以提供更加个性化和智能化的用户体验，使得应用程序能够更好地理解用户的需求并作出相应的反应。

在这里插入图片描述

🦋1.2 Want的类型

在HarmonyOS中，信息传递载体Want的类型可以分为两种：显式Want和隐式Want。

  1. 显式Want：显式Want是指明确指定要操作的组件或服务的Want。通过显式Want，可以精确地指定要传递给目标组件或服务的信息，并指定具体的要执行的操作。显式Want会包含组件名和操作类型等明确的指令信息。例如，可以使用显式Want来启动指定的Activity或调用指定的服务。
  1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1">
class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let wantInfo = {
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2">
    • class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> abilityName: 'FuncAbility',
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    •  class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
    1. 隐式Want：隐式Want是指不明确指定要操作的组件或服务的Want，而是根据一定的规则和条件来进行匹配。通过隐式Want，可以实现组件之间的解耦和灵活性。隐式Want一般包含一组动作、类别、数据类型等条件，系统会根据这些条件来匹配合适的组件或服务。例如，可以使用隐式Want来处理某个特定类型的数据或根据某个特定的动作执行相应的操作。
    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let wantInfo = {
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // uncomment line below if wish to implicitly query only in the specific bundle.
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    action: 'ohos.want.action.search',
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // entities can be omitted
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    entities: [ 'entity.system.browsable' ],
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    uri: 'https://www.test.com:8080/query/student',
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    type: 'text/plain',
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">};
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    2.显式Want与隐式Want匹配规则

    🦋2.1 隐式Want匹配原理详解

    系统将调用方传入的want参数（包含action、entities、uri和type属性）与已安装待匹配的应用Ability的skills配置（包含actions、entities、uris和type属性）依次进行匹配。当四个属性匹配均通过，则此应用才会被应用选择器展示给用户进行选择。

    ☀️2.1.1 want参数的action匹配规则
    class="table-box">
    调用方传入的want参数的action待匹配Ability的skills配置中的actions匹配结果
    为空为空匹配失败
    不为空为空匹配失败
    为空不为空匹配成功
    不为空包含调用方传入的action匹配成功
    不为空不包含调用方传入的action匹配失败

    在这里插入图片描述

    ☀️2.1.2 want参数的entities匹配规则
    class="table-box">
    want参数的entities待匹配Ability的skills配置的entities匹配结果
    为空不为空成功
    为空为空成功
    不为空为空失败
    不为空包含调用方传入的entities成功
    不为空不完全包含调用方传入的entities失败

    在这里插入图片描述

    ☀️2.1.3 want参数的uri和type匹配规则

    在这里插入图片描述

    class="table-box">
    调用方传入的want参数待匹配Ability的skills配置中的uris数组匹配结果
    uri为空，type为空uris为空匹配成功
    uri为空，type为空uris存在uri的scheme和type都为空的元素匹配成功
    uri为空，type为空其他情况匹配失败
    uri不为空，type为空uris为空匹配失败
    uri不为空，type为空uris存在一条数据uri匹配成功且type为空匹配成功
    uri为空，type不为空uris为空匹配失败
    uri为空，type不为空uris存在一条数据uri的scheme为空且type匹配成功匹配成功
    uri不为空，type不为空uris为空匹配失败
    uri不为空，type不为空uris存在一条数据uri匹配和type匹配需要均匹配成功匹配成功
    uri不为空，type不为空其他情况匹配失败

    在这里插入图片描述

    ☀️2.1.4 uri匹配规则

    以下是根据给定匹配规则展示的表格：

    class="table-box">
    s_uri.schemes_uri.hosts_uri.paths_uri.pathStartWiths_uri.pathRegexw_uri匹配结果
    abc://def成功
    失败
    abc://defabc://def成功
    abc://defdef://abc失败
    /path/path成功
    /path/path/123失败
    /pathStart/pathStart成功
    /pathStart/pathStart2失败
    ^/regex$/regex成功
    ^/regex$/path/regex失败
    abc://def/pathabc://def/path成功
    abc://def/pathabc://def/path/123失败
    /pathStart/pathStart2/test失败
    ^/regex$/path/regex/test失败

    待匹配Ability的skills配置的uris中scheme、host、port、path、pathStartWith和pathRegex属性拼接，如果依次声明了path、pathStartWith和pathRegex属性时，uris将分别拼接为如下三种表达式：

    ☀️2.1.5 type匹配规则
    class="table-box">
    Ability Skills Regex匹配规则w_type匹配规则匹配结果
    s_type为空任意失败
    s_type为通配符"/"任意成功
    s_type为通配符"prefixType/*"含有"prefixType/"成功
    s_type为通配符"prefixType/*"不含有"prefixType/"失败
    w_type为通配符"/"任意成功
    w_type为通配符"prefixType/*"含有"prefixType/"成功
    w_type为通配符"prefixType/*"不含有"prefixType/"失败

    3.常见action与entities

    🦋3.1 action

    表示调用方要执行的通用操作（如查看、分享、应用详情）

    class="table-box">
    Action（动作）描述
    ACTION_HOME启动应用入口组件的动作，需要和ENTITY_HOME配合使用；系统桌面应用图标就是显式的入口组件，点击也是启动入口组件；入口组件可以配置多个。
    ACTION_CHOOSE选择本地资源数据，例如联系人、相册等；系统一般对不同类型的数据有对应的Picker应用，例如联系人和图库。
    ACTION_VIEW_DATA查看数据，当使用网址uri时，则表示显示该网址对应的内容。
    ACTION_VIEW_MULTIPLE_DATA发送多个数据记录的操作。

    🦋3.2 entities

    表示目标Ability的类别信息（如浏览器、视频播放器）

    class="table-box">
    类别名称描述
    ENTITY_DEFAULT默认类别，没有实际意义。
    ENTITY_HOME主屏幕有图标点击入口类别。
    ENTITY_BROWSABLE指示浏览器类别。

    4.使用显式Want启动Ability

    1、启动方

    新建callerAbility
    在这里插入图片描述

    2、被启动方

    同理新建calleeAbility
    在这里插入图片描述
    3、启动方UI

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Entry
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">struct Index {
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @State message: string = 'callerAbility'
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Row() {
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Column() {
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        Text('hello')
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          .fontSize(50)
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // A new button with will call explicitStartAbility() when clicked.
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        Button("CLICKME")
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          .onClick(this.explicitStartAbility) // explicitStartAbility见下面示例代码
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // ...
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      }
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      .width('100%')
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    .height('100%')
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  async explicitStartAbility() {
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    try {
    24.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      // Explicit want with abilityName specified.
    25.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      let want = {
    26.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        deviceId: "",
    27.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
    28.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        abilityName: "calleeAbility"
    29.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      };
    30.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      let context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    31.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      await context.startAbility(want);
    32.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      console.info(`explicit start ability succeed`);
    33.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    } catch (error) {
    34.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      console.info(`explicit start ability failed with ${error.code}`);
    35.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    36.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    37.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    38.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    4、执行

    在这里插入图片描述

    5.使用隐式Want打开网址

    1、module.json5配置

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">"skills": [
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  {
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "entities": [
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      "entity.system.browsable"
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      // ...
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ],
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "actions": [
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ohos.want.action.viewData"
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // ...
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ],
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "uris": [
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      {
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "scheme": "https",
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "host": "www.test.com",
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "port": "8080",
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // prefix matching
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "pathStartWith": "query",
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "type": "text/*"
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      },
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      {
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "scheme": "http",
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // ...
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      }
    24.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      // ...
    25.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ]
    26.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  },
    27.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">]
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    在这里插入图片描述

    2、定义跳转函数

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">async implicitStartAbility() {
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    try {
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        let want = {
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            // uncomment line below if wish to implicitly query only in the specific bundle.
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            // bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "action": "ohos.want.action.viewData",
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            // entities can be omitted.
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "entities": [ "entity.system.browsable" ],
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "uri": "https://www.test.com:8080/query/student",
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "type": "text/plain"
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        }
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        let context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        await context.startAbility(want)
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        console.info(`explicit start ability succeed`)
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    } catch (error) {
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        console.info(`explicit start ability failed with ${error.code}`)
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> }
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
    class="table-box">
    匹配条件匹配结果
    want内action不为空，且被skills内action包括匹配成功
    want内entities不为空，且被skills内entities包括匹配成功
    skills内uris拼接为https://www.test.com:8080/query* ( *为通配符)包含want内uri，匹配成功
    want内type不为空，且被skills内type包含匹配成功

    在这里插入图片描述
    3、运行

    在这里插入图片描述

    6.应用间使用Want分享数据

    1、分享方

    读取文件

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import fileIO from '@ohos.fileio';
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// let path = ...
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// file open where path is a variable contains the file path.
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let fileFd = fileIO.openSync(path, 0o102, 0o666);
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    传输文件信息构造

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import wantConstant from '@ohos.ability.wantConstant';
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// let path = ...
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// let fileFd = ...
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// let fileSize = ...
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let want = {
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // This action is used to implicitly match the application selctor.
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    action: wantConstant.Action.ACTION_SELECT,
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // This is the custom parameter in the first layer of want
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // which is intended to add info to application selector.
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    parameters: {
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // The MIME type of pdf
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ability.picker.type": "application/pdf",
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ability.picker.fileNames": [path],
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ability.picker.fileSizes": [fileSize],
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // This a nested want which will be directly send to the user selected application.         
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ability.want.params.INTENT": {
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "action": "ohos.want.action.sendData",
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "type": "application/pdf",
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            "parameters": {
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">               "keyFd": {"type": "FD", "value": fileFd}
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            }
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        }
    24.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    25.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">
    class="table-box">
    字段说明
    ability.picker.type应用选择器根据该字段渲染相应的文件类型图标
    ability.picker.fileNames应用选择器根据该字段展示文件名
    ability.picker.fileSizes应用选择器根据该字段展示文件大小。以字节为单位
    ability.picker.fileNames[]文件名数组，与ability.picker.fileSizes[]有一一对应的关系
    ability.picker.fileSizes[]文件大小数组，与ability.picker.fileNames[]有一一对应的关系

    在这里插入图片描述

    2、被分享方

    定义skills

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">"skills": [
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  {
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "entities": [
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      // ...
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ],
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "actions": [
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "ohos.want.action.sendData"
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        // ...
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ],
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    "uris": [
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      {
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        "type": "application/pdf"
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      },
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      // ...
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    ]
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  },
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">]
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    2、接收数据

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">onCreate(want, launchParam) {
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  // note when keyFd is undefined, app crash will happen.
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  if (want["parameters"]["keyFd"] !== undefined) {
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // receive file descriptor
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    let fd = want["parameters"]["keyFd"].value;
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    // ...
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

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