鸿蒙HarmonyOS开发框架—ArkTS语言（状态管理 六）

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AppStorage：应用全局的UI状态存储

AppStorage是应用全局的UI状态存储，是和应用的进程绑定的，由UI框架在应用程序启动时创建，为应用程序UI状态属性提供中央存储。

和LocalStorage不同的是，LocalStorage是页面级的，通常应用于页面内的数据共享。而对于AppStorage，是应用级的全局状态共享。

概述

AppStorage是在应用启动的时候会被创建的单例。它的目的是为了提供应用状态数据的中心存储，这些状态数据在应用级别都是可访问的。AppStorage将在应用运行过程保留其属性。属性通过唯一的键字符串值访问。

AppStorage可以和UI组件同步，且可以在应用业务逻辑中被访问。

AppStorage中的属性可以被双向同步，数据可以是存在于本地或远程设备上，并具有不同的功能，比如数据持久化。

@StorageProp

在上文中已经提到，如果要建立AppStorage和自定义组件的联系，需要使用@StorageProp和@StorageLink装饰器。使用@StorageProp(key)/@StorageLink(key)装饰组件内的变量，key标识了AppStorage的属性。

当自定义组件初始化的时候，@StorageProp(key)/@StorageLink(key)装饰的变量会通过给定的key，绑定在AppStorage对应的属性，完成初始化。本地初始化是必要的，因为无法保证AppStorage一定存在给定的key，这取决于应用逻辑，是否在组件初始化之前在AppStorage实例中存入对应的属性。

@StorageProp(key)是和AppStorage中key对应的属性建立单向数据同步，我们允许本地改变的发生，但是对于@StorageProp，本地的修改永远不会同步回AppStorage中，相反，如果AppStorage给定key的属性发生改变，改变会被同步给@StorageProp，并覆盖掉本地的修改。

装饰器使用规则说明
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@StorageProp变量装饰器

说明

装饰器参数

key：常量字符串，必填（字符串需要有引号）。

允许装饰的变量类型

Object class、string、number、boolean、enum类型，以及这些类型的数组。 类型必须被指定，且必须和LocalStorage中对应属性相同。不支持any，不允许使用undefined和null。

同步类型

单向同步：从AppStorage的对应属性到组件的状态变量。 组件本地的修改是允许的，但是AppStorage中给定的属性一旦发生变化，将覆盖本地的修改。

被装饰变量的初始值

必须指定，如果AppStorage实例中不存在属性，则作为初始化默认值，并存入AppStorage中。

变量的传递/访问规则说明
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传递/访问

说明

从父节点初始化和更新

禁止，@StorageProp不支持从父节点初始化，只能AppStorage中key对应的属性初始化，如果没有对应key的话，将使用本地默认值初始化

初始化子节点

支持，可用于初始化@State、@Link、@Prop、@Provide。

是否支持组件外访问

否。

图1 @StorageProp初始化规则图示

观察变化和行为表现

观察变化

  • 当装饰的数据类型为boolean、string、number类型时，可以观察到数值的变化。
  • 当装饰的数据类型为class或者Object时，可以观察到赋值和属性赋值的变化，即Object.keys(observedObject)返回的所有属性。
  • 当装饰的对象是array时，可以观察到数组添加、删除、更新数组单元的变化。

框架行为

  • 当@StorageProp(key)装饰的数值改变被观察到时，修改不会被同步回AppStorage对应属性键值key的属性中。
  • 当前@StorageProp(key)单向绑定的数据会被修改，即仅限于当前组件的私有成员变量改变，其他的绑定该key的数据不会同步改变。
  • 当@StorageProp(key)装饰的数据本身是状态变量，它的改变虽然不会同步回AppStorage中，但是会引起所属的自定义组件的重新渲染。
  • 当AppStorage中key对应的属性发生改变时，会同步给所有@StorageProp(key)装饰的数据，@StorageProp(key)本地的修改将被覆盖。
@StorageLink

@StorageLink(key)是和AppStorage中key对应的属性建立双向数据同步：

  1. 本地修改发生，该修改会被写回AppStorage中；
  2. AppStorage中的修改发生后，该修改会被同步到所有绑定AppStorage对应key的属性上，包括单向（@StorageProp和通过Prop创建的单向绑定变量）、双向（@StorageLink和通过Link创建的双向绑定变量）变量和其他实例（比如PersistentStorage）。
装饰器使用规则说明
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@StorageLink变量装饰器

说明

装饰器参数

key：常量字符串，必填（字符串需要有引号）。

允许装饰的变量类型

Object、class、string、number、boolean、enum类型，以及这些类型的数组。 类型必须被指定，且必须和AppStorage中对应属性相同。不支持any，不允许使用undefined和null。

同步类型

双向同步：从AppStorage的对应属性到自定义组件，从自定义组件到AppStorage对应属性。

被装饰变量的初始值

必须指定，如果AppStorage实例中不存在属性，则作为初始化默认值，并存入AppStorage中。

变量的传递/访问规则说明
class="table-box">

传递/访问

说明

从父节点初始化和更新

禁止。

初始化子节点

支持，可用于初始化常规变量、@State、@Link、@Prop、@Provide。

是否支持组件外访问

否。

图2 @StorageLink初始化规则图示

观察变化和行为表现

观察变化

框架行为

  1. 当@StorageLink(key)装饰的数值改变被观察到时，修改将被同步回AppStorage对应属性键值key的属性中。
  2. AppStorage中属性键值key对应的数据一旦改变，属性键值key绑定的所有的数据（包括双向@StorageLink和单向@StorageProp）都将同步修改；
  3. 当@StorageLink(key)装饰的数据本身是状态变量，它的改变不仅仅会同步回AppStorage中，还会引起所属的自定义组件的重新渲染。
使用场景
从应用逻辑使用AppStorage和LocalStorage

AppStorage是单例，它的所有API都是静态的，使用方法类似于LocalStorage对应的非静态方法。

  1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1">
class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">AppStorage.SetOrCreate('PropA', 47);
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let storage: LocalStorage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 17 });
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let propA: number = AppStorage.Get('PropA') // propA in AppStorage == 47, propA in LocalStorage == 17
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">var link1: SubscribedAbstractProperty<number> = AppStorage.Link('PropA'); // link1.get() == 47
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">var link2: SubscribedAbstractProperty<number> = AppStorage.Link('PropA'); // link2.get() == 47
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">var prop: SubscribedAbstractProperty<number> = AppStorage.Prop('PropA'); // prop.get() = 47
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">link1.set(48); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 48
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">prop.set(1); // one-way sync: prop.get()=1; but link1.get() == link2.get() == 48
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">link1.set(49); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 49
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">storage.get('PropA') // == 17
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">storage.set('PropA', 101);
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">storage.get('PropA') // == 101
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">AppStorage.Get('PropA') // == 49
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">link1.get() // == 49
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">link2.get() // == 49
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">prop.get() // == 49
    •  class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    复制

    从UI内部使用AppStorage和LocalStorage

    @StorageLink变量装饰器与AppStorage配合使用，正如@LocalStorageLink与LocalStorage配合使用一样。此装饰器使用AppStorage中的属性创建双向数据同步。

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">AppStorage.SetOrCreate('PropA', 47);
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 48 });
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Entry(storage)
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">struct CompA {
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @StorageLink('PropA') storLink: number = 1;
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @LocalStorageLink('PropA') localStorLink: number = 1;
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Column({ space: 20 }) {
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Text(`From AppStorage ${this.storLink}`)
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .onClick(() => this.storLink += 1)
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Text(`From LocalStorage ${this.localStorLink}`)
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .onClick(() => this.localStorLink += 1)
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    复制

    以持久化方式订阅某个事件并接收事件回调

    推荐使用持久化方式订阅某个事件并接收事件回调，可以减少开销，增强代码的可读性。

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// xxx.ets
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">import emitter from '@ohos.events.emitter';
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">let NextID: number = 0;
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">class ViewData {
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  title: string;
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  uri: Resource;
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  color: Color = Color.Black;
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  id: number;
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  constructor(title: string, uri: Resource) {
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.title = title;
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.uri = uri
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.id = NextID++;
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Entry
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">struct Gallery2 {
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  dataList: Array<ViewData> = [new ViewData('flower', $r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon'))]
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  scroller: Scroller = new Scroller()
    24.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  private preIndex: number = -1
    25.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    26.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    27.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Column() {
    28.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Grid(this.scroller) {
    29.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        ForEach(this.dataList, (item: ViewData) => {
    30.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          GridItem() {
    31.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            TapImage({
    32.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              uri: item.uri,
    33.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              index: item.id
    34.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            })
    35.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          }.aspectRatio(1)
    36.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          .onClick(() => {
    37.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            if (this.preIndex === item.id) {
    38.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              return
    39.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            }
    40.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            var innerEvent = { eventId: item.id }
    41.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            // 选中态：黑变红
    42.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            var eventData = {
    43.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              data: {
    44.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">                "colorTag": 1
    45.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              }
    46.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            }
    47.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            emitter.emit(innerEvent, eventData)
    48.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    49.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            if (this.preIndex != -1) {
    50.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              console.info(`preIndex: ${this.preIndex}, index: ${item.id}, black`)
    51.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              var innerEvent = { eventId: this.preIndex }
    52.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              // 取消选中态：红变黑
    53.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              var eventData = {
    54.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">                data: {
    55.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">                  "colorTag": 0
    56.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">                }
    57.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              }
    58.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              emitter.emit(innerEvent, eventData)
    59.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            }
    60.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            this.preIndex = item.id
    61.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          })
    62.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    63.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        }, (item: ViewData) => JSON.stringify(item))
    64.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      }.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr')
    65.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    66.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    67.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    68.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    69.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    70.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    71.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">export struct TapImage {
    72.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @State tapColor: Color = Color.Black;
    73.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  private index: number;
    74.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  private uri: Resource;
    75.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    76.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  onTapIndexChange(colorTag: emitter.EventData) {
    77.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.tapColor = colorTag.data.colorTag ? Color.Red : Color.Black
    78.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="78"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    79.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="79"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    80.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="80"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  aboutToAppear() {
    81.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="81"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    //定义事件ID
    82.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="82"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    var innerEvent = { eventId: this.index }
    83.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="83"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    emitter.on(innerEvent, this.onTapIndexChange.bind(this))
    84.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="84"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    85.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="85"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    86.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="86"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    87.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="87"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Column() {
    88.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="88"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Image(this.uri)
    89.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="89"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover)
    90.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="90"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .border({ width: 5, style: BorderStyle.Dotted, color: this.tapColor })
    91.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="91"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    92.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="92"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    93.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="93"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    复制

    以下示例为消息机制方式订阅事件，会导致回调监听的节点数较多，非常耗时，不推荐以此来实现应用代码。

    1.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// xxx.ets
    2.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">class ViewData {
    3.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  title: string;
    4.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  uri: Resource;
    5.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  color: Color = Color.Black;
    6.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    7.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  constructor(title: string, uri: Resource) {
    8.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.title = title;
    9.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    this.uri = uri
    10.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    11.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    12.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    13.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Entry
    14.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    15.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">struct Gallery2 {
    16.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  dataList: Array<ViewData> = [new ViewData('flower', $r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon'))]
    17.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  scroller: Scroller = new Scroller()
    18.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    19.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    20.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Column() {
    21.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Grid(this.scroller) {
    22.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        ForEach(this.dataList, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => {
    23.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          GridItem() {
    24.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            TapImage({
    25.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              uri: item.uri,
    26.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">              index: index
    27.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">            })
    28.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          }.aspectRatio(1)
    29.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    30.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        }, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => {
    31.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          return JSON.stringify(item) + index;
    32.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        })
    33.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      }.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr')
    34.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    35.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    36.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    37.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
    38.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    39.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">@Component
    40.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">export struct TapImage {
    41.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @StorageLink('tapIndex') @Watch('onTapIndexChange') tapIndex: number = -1;
    42.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  @State tapColor: Color = Color.Black;
    43.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  private index: number;
    44.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  private uri: Resource;
    45.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    46.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  // 判断是否被选中
    47.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  onTapIndexChange() {
    48.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    if (this.tapIndex >= 0 && this.index === this.tapIndex) {
    49.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      console.info(`tapindex: ${this.tapIndex}, index: ${this.index}, red`)
    50.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      this.tapColor = Color.Red;
    51.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    } else {
    52.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      console.info(`tapindex: ${this.tapIndex}, index: ${this.index}, black`)
    53.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      this.tapColor = Color.Black;
    54.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    55.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    56.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    57.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  build() {
    58.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    Column() {
    59.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">      Image(this.uri)
    60.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover)
    61.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .onClick(() => {
    62.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">          this.tapIndex = this.index;
    63.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        })
    64.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">        .border({ width: 5, style: BorderStyle.Dotted, color: this.tapColor })
    65.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">    }
    66.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 
    67.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">  }
    68.  class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}
     class="hide-preCode-box"> class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)">

    复制

    限制条件

    AppStorage与PersistentStorage以及Environment配合使用时，需要注意以下几点：

    最后，为了能让大家更好的去学习提升鸿蒙 (Harmony OS) 开发技术，小编连夜整理了一份30个G纯血版学习资料（含视频、电子书、学习文档等）以及一份在Github上持续爆火霸榜的《纯血版华为鸿蒙 (Harmony OS)开发手册》（共计890页），希望对大家有所帮助。

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    《纯血版华为鸿蒙 (Harmony OS)开发手册》

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    纯血版鸿蒙 (Harmony OS)开发手册部分精彩内容

    HarmonyOS 概念：

    如何快速入门？


    开发基础知识： 

    基于ArkTS 开发：

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    🚀写在最后

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