class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const nestedArray = [1, [2, [3, 4]], 5];
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatArray = nestedArray.flat(); // 默认深度为1,结果为 [1, 2, [3, 4], 5]
  • class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const deeplyFlatArray = nestedArray.flat(2); // 深度为2,结果为 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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    二、array.flatMap() 方法

    2.1、array.flatMap()的语法及作用

    ①语法

            array.flatMap()方法接受一个映射函数作为参数,该函数定义了如何转换数组中的每个元素。

    ②返回值

            返回一个新数组,其中包含映射函数返回的每个数组的展平元素。

    ③用途

            array.flatMap()方法不仅将嵌套数组展平,还允许你指定一个映射函数来转换数组中的每个元素,然后再进行展平。

            array.flatMap()在你需要在展平数组的同时对数组元素进行某种转换时非常有用。例如,当你需要将每个元素复制或转换为另一种形式时。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 基础用法示范
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatMappedArray = numbers.flatMap(num => [num, num * 2]); // 结果为 [1, 2, 2, 4, 3, 6, 4, 8]
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    三、array.flat()与array.flatMap() 的主要区别

    3.1、映射与展平

            array.flat()仅负责展平数组,不涉及元素的转换;array.flatMap()结合了映射和展平,允许你在展平之前对元素进行转换。

            这里就有点像array.map + array.flat() - 超过1层的展平 = array.flatMap()。这个方法的语义化很明显,但是也可以通过嵌套的使用来实现基于array.flatMap()的映射和高维展平。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// flatMap中嵌套flat来实现复杂的展平
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const complexArray = [
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { strings: ['a', 'b'], numbers: [1, 2] },
    5. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { strings: ['c', 'd'], numbers: [3, 4] }
    6. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">];
    7. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    8. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const result = complexArray.flatMap(obj => {
    9. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> // 首先,使用flatMap映射每个字符串到一个包含字符串和对应数字的数组
    10. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return obj.strings.flatMap(str => {
    11. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> // 然后,再次使用flatMap映射每个数字到一个包含字符串和数字的数组
    12. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return obj.numbers.map(num => [str, num]);
    13. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> });
    14. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">}).flat(Infinity); // 使用Infinity确保所有层级都被展平
    15. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    16. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(result);
    17. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    18. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    19. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 结果为:
    20. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    21. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">[
    22. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 'a', 1, 'a', 2, 'b', 1, 'b', 2,
    23. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> 'c', 3, 'c', 4, 'd', 3, 'd', 4
    24. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">]
    25. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    26. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    27. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    28. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    29. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const result2 = complexArray.flatMap(obj => {
    30. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> // 对于每个对象,创建一个由字符串和数字组成的子数组的新数组
    31. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return obj.strings.flatMap(str => {
    32. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> // 对于每个字符串,创建一个由该字符串和每个数字组成的子数组
    33. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> return obj.numbers.map(num => [str, num]);
    34. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> });
    35. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">});
    36. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    37. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(result2);
    38. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    39. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 结果为:
    40. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    41. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">[
    42. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ['a', 1], ['a', 2], ['b', 1], ['b', 2],
    43. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> ['c', 3], ['c', 4], ['d', 3], ['d', 4]
    44. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">]
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    3.2、参数接受差异

            array.flat()接受一个可选的深度参数。其中Infinity可以将数组展平到一维。

            array.flatMap()接受一个映射函数作为参数。如果要进行跨纬度展平(比如三维展平成一维),需要使用嵌套或者链式调用。

    3.3、适用场景的差异

            当你只需要简单地展平数组时,使用array.flat()。

            当你需要在展平数组的同时对数组元素进行转换时,使用array.flatMap()。

            以下案例能帮你更好的理解rray.flat()与array.flatMap() 的使用场景差异:

    3.3.1、处理某种JSON响应数据

            假设你从API获取了一个JSON响应,其中包含了嵌套的数组数据,你需要将这些数据展平以便于进一步处理。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// API响应如下:
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const apiResponse = [[{ id: 1, name: 'Alice' }, { id: 2, name: 'Bob' }], [{ id: 3, name: 'Charlie' }]];
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    5. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 使用.flat()来展平嵌套数组:
    6. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatUsers = apiResponse.flat();
    7. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(flatUsers); // 输出: [{ id: 1, name: 'Alice' }, { id: 2, name: 'Bob' }, { id: 3, name: 'Charlie' }]
    8. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    9. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    10. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设我们需要筛选出ID大于2的用户,并且转换为只包含ID的数组:
    11. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const filteredUsersIds = apiResponse.flat().filter(user => user.id > 2).map(user => user.id);
    12. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(filteredUsersIds); // 输出: [3]
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    3.3.2、处理表格数据

            在一个Web应用中,你有一个表格,每行代表一个项目,每个项目有多个属性。现在你需要将这些属性展平,以便在图表中展示。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 表格数据如下:
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const tableData = [
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { project: 'A', attributes: ['Size', 'Color'] },
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { project: 'B', attributes: ['Weight', 'Material'] }
    5. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">];
    6. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    7. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 使用.flat()来展平属性数组:
    8. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatAttributes = tableData.flatMap(row => row.attributes);
    9. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(flatAttributes); // 输出: ['Size', 'Color', 'Weight', 'Material']
    10. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    11. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设我们需要创建一个包含项目和属性的数组:
    12. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const projectAttributes = tableData.flatMap(row => row.attributes.map(attr => [row.project, attr]));
    13. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(projectAttributes); // 输出: [['A', 'Size'], ['A', 'Color'], ['B', 'Weight'], ['B', 'Material']]
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    3.3.3、处理用户评论(带有附加信息的数据)

            在一个社交媒体应用中,用户可以对帖子进行评论,每个评论可能包含多个回复。你需要将所有评论和回复展平,以便进行搜索或索引。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设评论数据如下:
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const comments = [
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { user: 'User1', comment: 'Great post!', replies: ['Reply1', 'Reply2'] },
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> { user: 'User2', comment: 'Thanks!', replies: ['Reply3'] }
    5. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">];
    6. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    7. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 使用.flat()来展平回复数组:
    8. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatReplies = comments.flatMap(comment => comment.replies);
    9. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(flatReplies); // 输出: ['Reply1', 'Reply2', 'Reply3']
    10. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    11. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设我们需要创建一个包含用户和评论/回复的数组:
    12. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const commentReplies = comments.flatMap(comment =>
    13. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> comment.replies.map(reply => ({ user: comment.user, text: reply }))
    14. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">);
    15. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(commentReplies); // 输出: [{ user: 'User1', text: 'Reply1' }, { user: 'User1', text: 'Reply2' }, { user: 'User2', text: 'Reply3' }]
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    3.3.4、处理文件系统路径

            在一个文件管理应用中,你需要处理文件系统路径,这些路径可能是嵌套的。

    1. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设文件路径如下:
    2. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const filePaths = [['Documents', 'Projects'], ['Pictures', ['Holiday', 'Birthday']]];
    3. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    4. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 使用.flat()来展平路径数组:
    5. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const flatPaths = filePaths.flat(2); // 指定深度为2
    6. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(flatPaths); // 输出: ['Documents', 'Projects', 'Pictures', 'Holiday', 'Birthday']
    7. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    8. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">// 假设我们需要为每个路径添加文件类型:
    9. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const fileTypes = [['Documents', '.txt'], ['Pictures', ['Holiday', '.jpg'], ['Birthday', '.png']]];
    10. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">
    11. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">const formattedPaths = fileTypes.flatMap(dir =>
    12. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line"> dir.flatMap(file => file.endsWith('.jpg') ? [`Image: ${file}`] : [])
    13. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">);
    14. class="hljs-ln-numbers"> class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"> class="hljs-ln-code"> class="hljs-ln-line">console.log(formattedPaths); // 输出: ['Image: Holiday.jpg']
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    四、总结

            理论上array.flat()能做的事情,array.flatMap()都可以做,但是array.flat()更简单,占用内存更少,执行更快。

            这个相对冷门一些,w3school上都没有相关教程,看到就是赚到,收藏就是财富!

            丰富的前端内容请看:各种前端问题的技巧和解决方案

            自引链接:多维数组操作,不要再用遍历循环foreach了!来试试数组展平的小妙招!

            博客不应该只有代码和解决方案,重点应该在于给出解决方案的同时分享思维模式,只有思维才能可持续地解决问题,只有思维才是真正值得学习和分享的核心要素。如果这篇博客能给您带来一点帮助,麻烦您点个赞支持一下,还可以收藏起来以备不时之需,有疑问和错误欢迎在评论区指出~

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